平台设备框架的字符设备驱动

环境: qemu linux4.15 vexpress_defconfig aarch32 buildroot2018

char device 字符设备

platform device 平台设备--虚拟出的一类cpu不用总线可以直接访问的设备，platform总线

class device 类设备，class 的概念没查到讲的比较清楚的

echo /sbin/mdev > /pros/sys/kernel/hotplug ，mdev负责自动创建设备节点

修改韦东山char device例子实现基于平台设备和dts的多个char设备驱动，源代码如下

 motherboard {   
             testchar1@3,03000000 {
                        compatible = "test,testchar";
                        charidx = <1>;
                };
                testchar2@3,03000000 {
                        compatible = "test,testchar";
                        charidx = <2>;
                };
}
"arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2m.dtsi" [readonly] 451 lines --9%--

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/of_device.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>


#define MAX_DEV_NUM (4)
/* 1. 确定主设备号                                                                 */
static int major = 0;
static unsigned int chrcnt = 0;
static char kernel_buf1[1024];
static char kernel_buf2[1024];
static struct class *hello_class;

struct hello_data{
	struct cdev hello_cdev;
	int charidx;
	int inited;
	char name[10];
	char *kernel_buf;
};

struct hello_data mydata[MAX_DEV_NUM];

#define MIN(a, b) (a < b ? a : b)

/* 3. 实现对应的open/read/write等函数，填入file_operations结构体                   */
static ssize_t hello_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
	int err;
	struct hello_data *fdata = (struct hello_data *)file->private_data;
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	err = copy_to_user(buf, fdata->kernel_buf, MIN(1024, size));
	return MIN(1024, size);
}

static ssize_t hello_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
	int err;
	struct hello_data *fdata = (struct hello_data *)file->private_data;
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	err = copy_from_user(fdata->kernel_buf, buf, MIN(1024, size));
	return MIN(1024, size);
}

static int hello_drv_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
	int devidx = iminor(node);
	file->private_data = (void*)&mydata[devidx];
	printk("%s %s line %d open %s%d\n",
			__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__,
			mydata[devidx].name, devidx);
	return 0;
}

static int hello_drv_close (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	return 0;
}

/* 2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体                                              */
static struct file_operations hello_drv = {
	.owner	 = THIS_MODULE,
	.open    = hello_drv_open,
	.read    = hello_drv_read,
	.write   = hello_drv_write,
	.release = hello_drv_close,
};


static int hello_probe(struct platform_device *pdev){
	int val;
	struct device_node *np = pdev->dev.of_node;
	dev_t devid;
	struct cdev *mychr;

	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);

	if(!of_property_read_u32(np, "charidx", &val))
	{
		printk("read id %d\n", val);
	}
	else
	{
		printk("get char id failed!!\n");
		val =1;
	}
	if(val < 1)
	{
		printk("get char id failed!!\n");
		val =1;
	}
	mychr = &mydata[val-1].hello_cdev;
	platform_set_drvdata(pdev, (void*)&mydata[val-1]);

	devid = MKDEV(major, val); 

	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	cdev_init(mychr, &hello_drv);
	cdev_add(mychr, devid, 1);

	device_create(hello_class, NULL, devid, NULL, "hello%d", val); /* /dev/hello */
	
	mydata[val-1].charidx = val;
	mydata[val-1].inited = 1;
	
	if(!val){
		memcpy(mydata[val-1].name, "maindev", 8);
		mydata[val-1].kernel_buf = kernel_buf1;
	}else{
		memcpy(mydata[val].name, "subdev", 7);
		mydata[val-1].kernel_buf = kernel_buf2;
	}
	chrcnt++;
	return 0;
}

static int hello_remove(struct platform_device *pdev){
	struct hello_data *s_mydata = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
	//dump_stack();

	printk("%s %s line %d remove hello%d\n",
			__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, s_mydata->charidx);
	cdev_del(&s_mydata->hello_cdev);
	device_destroy(hello_class, MKDEV(major, s_mydata->charidx));
	s_mydata->inited = 0;
	chrcnt--;
	
	if(!chrcnt)
	{
		printk("%s %s line %d remove chrcnt%d\n",
				__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, chrcnt);
		class_unregister(hello_class);
		class_destroy(hello_class);
		unregister_chrdev_region(major, MAX_DEV_NUM);	
	}
	return 0;
}

static const struct of_device_id hello_of_table[] = {
        { .compatible = "test,testchar" },
        {}
};

static struct platform_driver hello_platform_driver = {
        .probe = hello_probe,
        .remove = hello_remove,
        .driver = {
                .name = "hello",
		.of_match_table = hello_of_table,
        },
};

static int hello_uevent(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
{
	dump_stack();
	add_uevent_var(env, "DEVMODE=%#o", 0666);
	return 0;
}


/* 4. 把file_operations结构体告诉内核：注册驱动程序                                */
/* 5. 谁来注册驱动程序啊？得有一个入口函数：安装驱动程序时，就会去调用这个入口函数 */
static int __init hello_init(void)
{
	int err;
	int rc;
	dev_t devid;
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	//major = register_chrdev(0, "hello", &hello_drv);  /* /dev/hello */
	rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&devid, 0, MAX_DEV_NUM, "hello");
	major = MAJOR(devid);
	
	hello_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "hello_class");
	err = PTR_ERR(hello_class);
	if (IS_ERR(hello_class)) {
		printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
		return -1;
	}
	//hello_class->dev_uevent = hello_uevent;
	
	return platform_driver_register(&hello_platform_driver);;
}

/* 6. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数：卸载驱动程序时，就会去调用这个出口函数           */
static void __exit hello_exit(void)
{
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	//dump_stack();
	return platform_driver_unregister(&hello_platform_driver);;
}


/* 7. 其他完善：提供设备信息，自动创建设备节点                                     */

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

echo /sbin/mdev > /pros/sys/kernel/hotplug

着重了解下mdev的原理，mdev的是userspace自动创建/dev/下的设备节点

如果没有上面的echo操作，insmod之后也可以手动执行下mdev -s，/dev/hello1/2节点也会自动创建。busybox中mdev的部分源码如下，默认mdev的配置文件在/etc/mdev.conf，mdev -s会在/sys/class目录和/sys/block目录下遍历并执行fileAction和dirAction

busybox-1.23.2/util-linux/mdev.c

int mdev_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
{
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_MDEV_CONF
        G.filename = "/etc/mdev.conf";
#endif

        /* We can be called as hotplug helper */
        /* Kernel cannot provide suitable stdio fds for us, do it ourself */

        xchdir("/dev");

        if (argv[1] && strcmp(argv[1], "-s") == 0) {
                /*
                 * Scan: mdev -s
                 */
                struct stat st;

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_MDEV_CONF
                /* Same as xrealloc_vector(NULL, 4, 0): */
                G.rule_vec = xzalloc((1 << 4) * sizeof(*G.rule_vec));
#endif
                xstat("/", &st);
                G.root_major = major(st.st_dev);
                G.root_minor = minor(st.st_dev);

                putenv((char*)"ACTION=add");

                if (access("/sys/class/block", F_OK) != 0) {
                        recursive_action("/sys/block",
                                ACTION_RECURSE | ACTION_FOLLOWLINKS | ACTION_QUIET,
                                fileAction, dirAction, temp, 0);
                }
                recursive_action("/sys/class",
                        ACTION_RECURSE | ACTION_FOLLOWLINKS,
                        fileAction, dirAction, temp, 0);
        }
}

fileAction中会执行make_device, make_device会根据/sys/class/hello_class/hello1/dev里面找到主从设备号 249:1 。再从/sys/class/hello_class/hello1/uevent中找到设备名DEVNAME=hello1，然后调用mknode系统调用船舰设备节点

/* File callback for /sys/ traversal */
static int FAST_FUNC fileAction(const char *fileName,
                struct stat *statbuf UNUSED_PARAM,
                void *userData,
                int depth UNUSED_PARAM)
{
        size_t len = strlen(fileName) - 4; /* can't underflow */
        char *scratch = userData;

        /* len check is for paranoid reasons */
        if (strcmp(fileName + len, "/dev") != 0 || len >= PATH_MAX)
                return FALSE;

        strcpy(scratch, fileName);
        scratch[len] = '\0';
        make_device(/*DEVNAME:*/ NULL, scratch, OP_add);

        return TRUE;
}

dev        power      subsystem  uevent
# cat dev
249:1
# cat uevent
MAJOR=249
MINOR=1
DEVNAME=hello1
# pwd
/sys/class/hello_class/hello1