数据库运维-备份还原操作

1.创建student和score表

CREATE TABLE student (

id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,

name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,

sex VARCHAR(4) ,

birth YEAR,

department VARCHAR(20) ,

address VARCHAR(50)

);

 

CREATE TABLE score (

id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,

stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,

c_name VARCHAR(20) ,

grade INT(10)

);

2.为student表和score表增加记录

 

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

 

向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -u root -p'RedHat@123' --default-character-set=utf8 school > /etc/backup/school.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/backup/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3300 Jul 21 08:43 school.sql

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p'RedHat@123' school > /etc/backup/school1.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/backup/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3300 Jul 21 08:57 school1.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3300 Jul 21 08:54 school.sql

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pRedHat@123 --all-databases |gzip > /etc/backup/all.sql.gz
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pRedHat@123 school student > /etc/backup/school.student.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pRedHat@123 -B school my > /etc/backup/school2.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

8.仅仅备份数据库结构

[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pRedHat@123 -d school > /etc/backup/school_str.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pRedHat@123 --all-databases > /etc/backup/all_databases.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

10.还原MySQL数据库

[root@localhost backup]# mysql -uroot -pRadHat@123 < /etc/backup/all_databases.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

[root@localhost backup]# gunzip < /etc/backup/all.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -pRedHat@123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --backup --user=root --password=RedHat@123 --target-dir=/etc/backup/xtr

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

14.使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p RedHat@123 -B school -o /etc/backup/

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

[root@localhost backup]# myloader -u root -p RedHat@123 -d /etc/backup/ -o -B school