Debian 按装virtualbox的方式

用apt-get install virtualbox-？的方式没有出现要求输入/etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup的错误，因为apt-get自动把dkms和virtualbox整合了？所以，以后安装软件不要dpkg -i ?.deb，要apt-get install ?

Download VirtualBox for Linux Hosts

VirtualBox 4.1.2 for Linux

Note: The package architecture has to match the Linux kernel architecture, that is, if you are running a 64-bit kernel, install the appropriate AMD64 package (it does not matter if you have an Intel or an AMD CPU). Mixed installations (e.g. Debian/Lenny ships an AMD64 kernel with 32-bit packages) are not supported. To install VirtualBox anyway you need to setup a 64-bit chroot environment.

Please choose the appropriate package for your Linux distribution:

• Ubuntu 11.04 ("Natty Narwhal") i386 | AMD64
• Ubuntu 10.10 ("Maverick Meerkat") i386 | AMD64
• Ubuntu 10.04 LTS ("Lucid Lynx") i386 | AMD64
• Ubuntu 8.04 LTS ("Hardy Heron") i386 | AMD64
• Debian 6.0 ("Squeeze") i386 | AMD64
• Debian 5.0 ("Lenny") i386 | AMD64
• openSUSE 11.4 i386 | AMD64
• openSUSE 11.3 i386 | AMD64
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (SLES11) i386 | AMD64
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 (SLES10) i386 | AMD64
• Fedora 15 ("Lovelock") i386 | AMD64
• Fedora 14 ("Laughlin") i386 | AMD64
• Mandriva 2010.0 / 2010.1 i386 | AMD64
• Mandriva 2009.1 i386 | AMD64
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 ("RHEL6") / Oracle Linux 6 ("OL6") i386 | AMD64
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 ("RHEL5") / Oracle Linux 5 ("OL5") / CentOS 5 i386 | AMD64
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 ("RHEL4") / Oracle Linux 4 ("OL4") / CentOS 4 i386
• All distributions i386 | AMD64

You might want to compare the

• SHA256 checksum or the
• MD5 checksum

to verify the integrity of downloaded packages.

Debian-based Linux distributions

Note: VirtualBox has been moved from non-free to contrib with 4.0, so please adjust your repository settings.

Add one of the following lines according to your distribution to your /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian natty contrib
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian maverick contrib non-free
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian lucid contrib non-free
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian karmic contrib non-free
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian hardy contrib non-free
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian squeeze contrib non-free
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian lenny contrib non-free

(Up to version 3.2 the packages were located in the non-free section, starting with version 4.0 are located in the contrib section)

The Oracle public key for apt-secure can be downloaded here. You can add this key with

sudo apt-key add oracle_vbox.asc

or combine downloading and registering:

wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

The key fingerprint is

7B0F AB3A 13B9 0743 5925  D9C9 5442 2A4B 98AB 5139
Oracle Corporation (VirtualBox archive signing key) <info@virtualbox.org>

(As of VirtualBox 3.2, the signing key was changed. The old Sun public key for apt-secure can be downloaded here.)

To install VirtualBox, do

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-4.1

Replace virtualbox-4.1 by

• virtualbox-4.0 to install VirtualBox 4.0.12
• virtualbox-3.2 to install VirtualBox 3.2.12
• virtualbox-3.1 to install VirtualBox 3.1.8
• virtualbox-3.0 to install VirtualBox 3.0.14
• virtualbox-2.2 to install VirtualBox 2.2.4
• virtualbox-2.1 to install VirtualBox 2.1.4
• virtualbox-2.0 to install VirtualBox 2.0.12
• virtualbox to install VirtualBox 1.6.6

Note: Ubuntu/Debian users might want to install the dkms package to ensure that the VirtualBox host kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) are properly updated if the linux kernel version changes during the next apt-get upgrade. For Debian it is available in Lenny backports and in the normal repository for Squeeze and later. The dkms package can be installed through the Synaptic Package manager or through the following command:

sudo apt-get install dkms

What to do when experiencing The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG ... when refreshing the packages from the repository?

# sudo -s -H
# apt-get clean
# rm /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# rm /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*
# apt-get clean
# apt-get update

RPM-based Linux distributions

Starting with VirtualBox 3.0.12 we provide a yum-style repository for Fedora/RHEL/openSUSE. Note that 3.0.x .rpm packages are named VirtualBox-3.0.x while3.1.x .rpm packages are named VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.x. This naming scheme allows to use the older 3.0.x packages without changing the repository.

Furthemore, all .rpm packages are signed. The Oracle public key for rpm can be downloaded here. You can add this key (not necessary for yum users, see below!) with

sudo rpm --import oracle_vbox.asc

or combine downloading and registering:

wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | rpm --import -

The key fingerprint is

7B0F AB3A 13B9 0743 5925  D9C9 5442 2A4B 98AB 5139
Oracle Corporation (VirtualBox archive signing key) <info@virtualbox.org>

After importing the public key, the package signature can be checked with

rpm --checksig PACKAGE_NAME

Note that importing the key is not necessary for yum users (Fedora/RHEL/CentOS) when using one of the virtualbox.repo files from below as yum downloads and imports the public key automatically!

The package signature is checked by yum/zypper as well:

• Users of Fedora can add the Fedora repo file to /etc/yum.repos.d/.
• Users of RHEL can add the RHEL repo file to /etc/yum.repos.d/.
• Users of openSUSE can add the proper repo file for 10.3 (VirtualBox 3.0.x only), 11.0 (VirtualBox 3.2.x only), 11.1, 11.2,11.3 or 11.4 to/etc/zypp/repos.d/.

Note: Users of Fedora/Mandriva might want to install the dkms package (not available on openSUSE) to ensure that the VirtualBox host kernel modules (vboxdrv,vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) are properly updated if the linux kernel version changes during the next kernel update.