1.yum源安装
yum不止执行安装,还自动处理依赖(不然需要手动安装依赖 比如:rpm -ivh)
yum优点(基于rpm,相当于rpm升级版,自动解决依赖关系)
分类:
(1)本地yum源
yum仓库在本地,系统光盘/镜像文件
(2)网络yum
aliyun 163源 sohu源 清华源 centos源 redhat源 epel源
特定软件 nginx mysql zabbix
顺序:
(1)查看现有的yum仓库镜像
ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/
(2)打包保存 做成一个tar.gz
tar -zcvf /etc/yum.repos.d/bak.tar.gz /etc/yum.repos.d/*
(3)删除
ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
(4)查看包
ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/
(5)清除缓存
yum clean
yum makecache
yum repolist all
#所有yum都已删除
2.使用光盘作为yum软件仓库
(1)把光盘挂载到指定目录下
先删除 /mnt下所有目录如果不行先卸载(umount /mnt //解除挂载)
(2)lsblk(此时如下图)
mkdir /mnt(创建目录)
(3)mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt/ //o是选项
将光盘数据挂载到/mnt目录中,就可以在该目录中读取光盘的数据
(4)将挂载添加到开机自启动
vim /etc/rc.local(设置开机自动执行挂载第一种方法)
chmod +x /etc/rc.local (设置开机自动执行挂载第二种方法)
echo "mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt/" >> /etc/rc.local
(5)
测试yum
安装成功
3.安装网络yum源
如阿里镜像:
centos镜像_centos下载地址_centos安装教程-阿里巴巴开源镜像站
(1)备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo / /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo .backup
(2)下载新的CentOS-Base.repo到/etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
(3)查看下载的文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
20240714001.repo CentOS-Base.repo repo.tar.gz
(4)运行yum makecache生成缓存
(5)查看源(yum repolist all)
(6)安装httpd检验
4.安装腾讯云和epel
腾讯软件源(链接地址)
CentOS(帮助文档)
(1)备份系统旧文件配置
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo / /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo .backup
(2)下载对应版本的CentOS-Base.repo到 /etc/yum.repos.d/目录
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo
(3)运行yum makecache生成缓存
(4)epel源配置
yum -y install epel-release.noarch
查看源(yum repolist all)
查看 ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
安装小火车 yum -y install sl
查看小火车 sl
5.安装特定软件源
如nginx安装
(1)移除epel源,如果不⾏就全清空
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum clear all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
(2)搜索nginx镜像
(3)找到repo文件内容
(4)安装nginx
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
(5)创建缓存 yum clean all
yum makecache
yum list | grep nginx
(6)安装并检查
yum install nginx -y
# 启动服务 [root@localhost ~]# nginx
# 查看指令 [root@localhost ~]# whereis nginx
# 访问服务器 [root@localhost ~]# curl http://localhost
# 停⽤nginx [root@localhost ~]# nginx -s stop
#访问测试 [root@localhost ~]# curl http://localhost
curl: (7) Failed connect to localhost:80; 拒绝连接
6.自建yum源仓库
(1)缓存安装软件包 (注意keepcache=1 测试yum -y. install tree)
vim /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releaserver # 定义软件包缓存路径
keepcache=1 #开启缓存
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
(2)卸载,如何安装nginx查看缓存文件
yum -y remove nginx.x86_64
yum -y install nginx
#查看安装包
[root@localhost ~]# find /var/cache/ -name "*tree*" -type f
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/os/packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# find /var/cache/ -name "*nginx*" -type f
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-stable/packages/nginx-1.26.1-
(3)只下载不安装
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=./soft samba
(4)检验 ls soft/
7.安装createrepo制作仓库的软件
(1)安装软件包
yum -y install createrepo
(2)把soft文件夹做成一个本地的自建仓库
createrepo soft/
ls查看
cd soft/
ls查看
(3)在/etc/yum.repos.d/下创建soft.repo
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/soft.repo
[soft]
name=soft_local
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=file:///root/soft
enable=1
(4)创建缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache
(5)删除其他仓库文件
[root@localhost soft]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
[root@localhost soft]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
(6)配置仓库文件
[root@localhost soft]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/soft.repo
(7)创建缓存
[root@localhost soft]# yum clean al
[root@localhost soft]# yum makecache
8.再次安装samba
(1)下载samba的安装包
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=./soft samba
(2)查看rpm⽂件
(3)使⽤createrepo指令。createrepo ./soft/
(4)在soft⽬录中发现repodata
(5)在/etc/yum.repos.d/soft.repo
[soft]
name=soft
baseurl=file:///root/soft/
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
(6)建⽴缓存 yum clean all && yum makecache
(7)[root@localhost soft]# yum -y install samba
练习:查看绑定资源连接