Java多线程模式（二）

Guarded Suspension Pattern

     该模式描述的是当一个线程在执行某个操作时，但由于其他资源还没有准备好，需要等待，那么就等待资源准备好才开始自己的操作。我们直接看代码例子：

public class Request {

    private Stringname;

    public Request(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        returnname;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return"[ Request " +name +" ]";
    }
}

public class RequestQueue {

    final private LinkedList
   
   
    
    queue = new LinkedList
    
    
     
     ();

    public synchronizedvoid putRequest(Request request) {
        this.queue.addLast(request);
        notifyAll();
    }

    publicsynchronized Request getRequest() {
       // 多线程版本的if
        while (this.queue.size() <= 0) {
           try {
                wait();
            }catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
        return queue.removeFirst();
    }
}

import java.util.Random;

public class ClientThreadextends Thread {

    private Random      random;

    private RequestQueuerequestQueue;

    public ClientThread(RequestQueue requestQueue, String name,long seed) {
        super(name);
        this.requestQueue = requestQueue;
        this.random =new Random(seed);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            Request request = new Request("No." + i);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" requests " + request);
            this.requestQueue.putRequest(request);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(this.random.nextInt(1000));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}


import java.util.Random;

public class ServerThreadextends Thread {

    private Random      random;

    private RequestQueuequeue;

    public ServerThread(RequestQueue queue, String name,long seed) {
        super(name);
        this.queue = queue;
        random =new Random(seed);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            Request request = queue.getRequest();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" handles " + request);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RequestQueue queue = new RequestQueue();
        ServerThread serverThread = new ServerThread(queue,"ServerThread", 3141592l);
        ClientThread clientThread = new ClientThread(queue,"ClientThread", 6535897l);
        serverThread.start();
        clientThread.start();
    }
}

	
    
    
   
   

这段代码的关键在ReqeustQueue类的getReqeust()方法，在该方法中，判断队列是否小于或等于0，如果是，那么就等待队列有数据之后在进行获取Request对象的操作，注意这里使用的是while，而非if。Single Threaded Execution Pattern 只有一个线程可以进入临界区，其他线程不能进入，进行等待；而Guarded Suspension Pattern中，线程要不要等待，由警戒条件决定。只有RequestQueue类使用到了wait/notifyAll，Guarded Suspension Pattern的实现是封闭在RequestQueue类里的。

Balking Pattern

该模式的重点是，如果一个请求的资源状态还没有准备好，那么就不进行处理，直接返回，它与Guarded Suspension Pattern的区别在于Guarded Suspension Pattern在警戒条件不成立时，线程等待，而Balking Pattern线程直接返回。我们来看代码实现：

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Data {

    private final Stringfilename;

    private String      content;

    privateboolean     changed;

    public Data(String filename, String content) {
        this.filename = filename;
        this.content = content;
        this.changed =true;
    }

    public synchronizedvoid change(String content) {
        this.content = content;
        this.changed =true;
    }

    publicsynchronizedvoid save() {
        while (!this.changed) {
            return;
        }
        doSave();
        this.changed =false;
    }

    private void doSave() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"calls doSave, content = "
                + this.content);
        File file = new File(filename);
        FileWriter writer = null;
        try {
            writer = new FileWriter(file, true);
            writer.write(this.content);
        } catch (IOException e) {

        } finally {
            if (writer !=null) {
                try {
                    writer.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

import java.util.Random;

public class ChangerThreadextends Thread {

    private Data  data;

    private Randomrandom =new Random();

    public ChangerThread(String name, Data data) {
        super(name);
        this.data = data;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (true) {
            i++;
            String content = "No." + i;
            this.data.change(content);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
            this.data.save();
        }
    }
}

import java.util.Random;

public class SaverThreadextends Thread {

    private Data  data;

    private Randomrandom =new Random();

    public SaverThread(String name, Data data) {
        super(name);
        this.data = data;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            this.data.save();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(this.random.nextInt(1000));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data = new Data("data.txt","(empty)");
        new SaverThread("SaverThread", data).start();
        new ChangerThread("ChangerThread", data).start();
    }
}

Producer-Consumer Pattern

该模式即经典的生产-消费模式。该模式在生产者和消费者之间加入一个“桥梁参与者”，以这个参与者来缓冲线程的处理速度之差。一般会有多个生产者和多个消费者。

import java.io.Serializable;
public class Data implements Serializable {

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7212370995222659529L;

    private String            name;

    public Data(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return"[ Data name = " +this.name +" ]";
    }
}

import java.util.LinkedList;
/**
 * 数据传输channel，默认大小100，可以通过构造函数定制channel的大小。channel为FIFO模型
 */
public class Channel {

    private final LinkedListbuffer     =new LinkedList();

    private int                   bufferSize = 100;

    public Channel() {
        super();
    }

    public Channel(int channelSize) {
        this.bufferSize = channelSize;
    }

    /**
     * put数据到channel中，当channel的buffer大小大于或等于指定大小时，方法将进行等待
     * 
     * @param data
     */
    public synchronizedvoid put(Data data) {
        while (buffer.size() >=this.bufferSize) {
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }

        this.buffer.addLast(data);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" put data " + data);
        notifyAll();
    }

    /**
     * 从channel中获取数据，当channel中没有数据时，进行等待
     * 
     * @return
     */
    public synchronized Data take() {
        while (this.buffer.size() == 0) {
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
        Data data = this.buffer.removeFirst();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" take date " + data);
        notifyAll();
        return data;
    }
}

import java.util.Random;
public class ComsumerThreadextends Thread {

    private Channel channel;

    private Random  random =new Random();

    public ComsumerThread(String name, Channel channel) {
        super(name);
        this.channel = channel;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {

            this.channel.take();

            try {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    }
}

import java.util.Random;
public class ProducerThreadextends Thread {

    private Channel    channel;

    private Random     random =new Random();

    private staticintdataNo = 0;

    public ProducerThread(String name, Channel channel) {
        super(name);
        this.channel = channel;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            Data data = new Data("No." + nextDataNo());
            this.channel.put(data);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    }

    public staticsynchronizedint nextDataNo() {
        return ++dataNo;
    }
}

public class MainThread {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int channelSize = 1000;

        Channel channel = new Channel(channelSize);

        ProducerThread producer1 = new ProducerThread("Producer1", channel);
        ProducerThread producer2 = new ProducerThread("Producer2", channel);

        ComsumerThread comsumer1 = new ComsumerThread("Comsumer1", channel);
        ComsumerThread comsumer2 = new ComsumerThread("Comsumer2", channel);
        ComsumerThread comsumer3 = new ComsumerThread("Comsumer3", channel);

        producer1.start();
        producer2.start();

        comsumer1.start();
        comsumer2.start();
        comsumer3.start();
    }
}