mysql安装以及配置外网权限(win)

1.下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

默认是最新的版本，如果需要其他版本选择Archives,笔者选择了比较稳定的mysql5.7系列的产品线。选择原因是适配公司产品的pyqt5控件的需要，此处略去四个字…

这是一个64位的bin目录的安装包，即不需要繁琐的安装过程，通过配置命令以及环境变量即可在终端中搞事情,对于开发来说想想都开心。至于为什么我来整理这个文档，此处略去四个字…
so…闲话不多,我们来搞事情！
2.安装

下载完毕后，解压出来，如果你发现没有my.ini这个配置文件，不要懵逼，自己创建一个，以下是笔者的配置。

# Other default tuning values
# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
#
#
# Installation Instructions
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
# (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory 
# of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To
# make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option 
# "--defaults-file". 
#
# To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a 
# command line shell, e.g.
# mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
#
# To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a 
# command line shell, e.g.
# mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
#
# And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.
# net start MySQLXY
#
#
# Guildlines for editing this file
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.
# If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program
# with the "--help" option.
#
# More detailed information about the individual options can also be
# found in the manual.
#
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
#
#
# CLIENT SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
# MySQL client library initialization.
[client]
# socket=0.0
port=3306

[mysql]
no-beep
default-character-set=utf8


# SERVER SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this file.
# server_type=3
[mysqld]
tmp_table_size = 512M
max_heap_table_size = 512M


# The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below.
# skip-networking

# enable-named-pipe

# shared-memory

# shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL

# The Pipe the MySQL Server will use
# socket=MYSQL

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306
bind-address=0.0.0.0

# Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
basedir="C:/softs/mysql-5.7.23-winx64"

# Path to the database root
datadir=C:/softs/mysql-5.7.23-winx64/data

# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
character-set-server=utf8

# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB

# Set the SQL mode to strict
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

# Enable Windows Authentication
# plugin-load=authentication_windows.dll

# General and Slow logging.
log-output=FILE
general-log=0
general_log_file="DESKTOP-JU9QT3C.log"
slow-query-log=1
slow_query_log_file="DESKTOP-JU9QT3C-slow.log"
long_query_time=10

# Binary Logging.
# log-bin

# Error Logging.
log-error="DESKTOP-JU9QT3C.err"

# Server Id.
server-id=1

# Secure File Priv.
secure-file-priv="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.7/Uploads"

# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=151

# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
# "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value
# is high enough for your load.
# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
# slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
query_cache_size=0

# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
# section [mysqld_safe]
table_open_cache=2000

# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
# of them.
tmp_table_size=101M

# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size=10

#*** MyISAM Specific options
# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
# through the key cache (which is slower).
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G

# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger
# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the
# key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in
# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.
myisam_sort_buffer_size=193M

# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
# used for internal temporary disk tables.
key_buffer_size=8M

# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
read_buffer_size=64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K

#*** INNODB Specific options ***
# innodb_data_home_dir=0.0

# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
# and speed up some things.
# skip-innodb

# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
# (even with long transactions).
innodb_log_buffer_size=1M

# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
# cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you
# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
# set it too high.
innodb_buffer_pool_size=8M

# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
# recovery process.
innodb_log_file_size=48M

# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
innodb_thread_concurrency=9

# The increment size (in MB) for extending the size of an auto-extend InnoDB system tablespace file when it becomes full.
innodb_autoextend_increment=64

# The number of regions that the InnoDB buffer pool is divided into.
# For systems with buffer pools in the multi-gigabyte range, dividing the buffer pool into separate instances can improve concurrency,
# by reducing contention as different threads read and write to cached pages.
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8

# Determines the number of threads that can enter InnoDB concurrently.
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000

# Specifies how long in milliseconds (ms) a block inserted into the old sublist must stay there after its first access before
# it can be moved to the new sublist.
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000

# It specifies the maximum number of .ibd files that MySQL can keep open at one time. The minimum value is 10.
innodb_open_files=300

# When this variable is enabled, InnoDB updates statistics during metadata statements.
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0

# When innodb_file_per_table is enabled (the default in 5.6.6 and higher), InnoDB stores the data and indexes for each newly created table
# in a separate .ibd file, rather than in the system tablespace.
innodb_file_per_table=1

# Use the following list of values: 0 for crc32, 1 for strict_crc32, 2 for innodb, 3 for strict_innodb, 4 for none, 5 for strict_none.
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0

# The number of outstanding connection requests MySQL can have.
# This option is useful when the main MySQL thread gets many connection requests in a very short time.
# It then takes some time (although very little) for the main thread to check the connection and start a new thread.
# The back_log value indicates how many requests can be stacked during this short time before MySQL momentarily
# stops answering new requests.
# You need to increase this only if you expect a large number of connections in a short period of time.
back_log=80

# If this is set to a nonzero value, all tables are closed every flush_time seconds to free up resources and
# synchronize unflushed data to disk.
# This option is best used only on systems with minimal resources.
flush_time=0

# The minimum size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use
# indexes and thus perform full table scans.
join_buffer_size=256K

# The maximum size of one packet or any generated or intermediate string, or any parameter sent by the
# mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API function.
max_allowed_packet=4M

# If more than this many successive connection requests from a host are interrupted without a successful connection,
# the server blocks that host from performing further connections.
max_connect_errors=100

# Changes the number of file descriptors available to mysqld.
# You should try increasing the value of this option if mysqld gives you the error "Too many open files".
open_files_limit=4161

# Set the query cache type. 0 for OFF, 1 for ON and 2 for DEMAND.
query_cache_type=0

# If you see many sort_merge_passes per second in SHOW GLOBAL STATUS output, you can consider increasing the
# sort_buffer_size value to speed up ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations that cannot be improved with query optimization
# or improved indexing.
sort_buffer_size=256K

# The number of table definitions (from .frm files) that can be stored in the definition cache.
# If you use a large number of tables, you can create a large table definition cache to speed up opening of tables.
# The table definition cache takes less space and does not use file descriptors, unlike the normal table cache.
# The minimum and default values are both 400.
table_definition_cache=1400

# Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes.
# Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256.
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K

# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its master.info file to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_master_info events.
sync_master_info=10000

# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log writes to the relay log.
sync_relay_log=10000

# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its relay-log.info file to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log_info transactions.
sync_relay_log_info=10000

# Indicates how is the InnoDB Cluster configured as (Classic, Sandbox, Master or Slave).
# innodbclustertypeselection=ClassicMySQLReplication

# Indicates how is the InnoDB Cluster is/will be named.
# innodbclustername="sandboxCluster"

# Indicates how many instances will the InnoDB cluster sandbox will have.
# innodbclusterinstances=0

# Holds the InnoDB Cluster Username.
# innodbclusterusername

# Indicates the InnoDB Cluster URI.
# innodbclusteruri

# Indicates the InnoDB Cluster Port.
# innodbclusterport=3306

# Load mysql plugins at start."plugin_x ; plugin_y".
# plugin_load

# MySQL server's plugin configuration.
# loose_mysqlx_port=33060

其实配置文件里，前段的注释内容已经声明了，如何安装与配置了。此处只是提几个重要的配置，比如需要外网以及预设内存。没有的目录创建即可，比如以下的data，是笔者创建来管理与存放数据的。

[mysqld]
# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306
# 监听0.0.0.0，以允许其他主机访问
bind-address=0.0.0.0
# mysql安装包的绝对路径
basedir="C:/softs/mysql-5.7.23-winx64"
# 创表创库或是初始化mysql时，生成的数据存放目录
datadir=C:/softs/mysql-5.7.23-winx64/data
 #设置内存表最大限制
max_heap_table_size =1024M 
# 设置内存临时表的最大限制
tmp_table_size =1024M
#指定当数据超过临时表的最大值设定时，自动转为基于磁盘表的时候所用的引擎，innodb或者myisam
internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine = INNODB
#指定当内存表数据超过临时表的最大值设定时，转存到磁盘时的路径。
tmpdir=C:/softs/mysql-5.7.23-winx64/data/temp

配置环境变量

按照上面的步骤，将解压后的mysql安装包的bin目录添加到环境变量，这样就可以在任意终端中操作mysql的命令。如果实在懒，那么久跑安装包的bin目录下去操作吧。但是笔者建议你善良，举手之劳，会让后来者感激不尽的。
----------------------------------来了-----------------------------------
一、卸载旧版本mysql
如果新的服务器不幸被人"糟蹋"过，而你的开发版本驱动又不能兼容高的版本或者更高，或者你就任性地喜欢mysql5.7.1，那么就干掉旧的版本。
1.如果是exe安装的，或许会有很多其他插件绑定安装了，移步控制面板，清空相关的软件即可
2.如果原本就是bin安装的，而你又不知道是谁的老婆，建议先不要删(shang),可是我们还得搞事情

# 先停止mysql
net stop mysql
# 移除mysql的注册服务
sc delete mysql

嗯嗯…世界都安静…
二、初始化mysql
1.执行初始化命令，可以指定配置文件路径，如果不指定，mysql会优先查找根目录下的my.ini文件

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --console

执行完毕后终端会生成一个临时的密码，请记住它，方便后面的登录
2.接着就是执行安装的命令

mysqld install

如果出现了Install/Remove of the Service Denied!的错误，那么请使用管理员的身份进行安装。点击搜索栏，右击命令提示符即可。

友好提示你successfully，就说明你成功了

3.启动mysql服务

net start mysql

4.登录mysql

用上面的临时密码，登录即可，如果你不幸关闭了终端，清空data文件夹，重复以上步骤，重新初始化即可。至于其他跳过认证骚操作就不去玩了，坚持linux的哲学：简单至上！
5.修改初始密码

use mysql;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
flush privileges;

6.配置外网访问权限

mysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set host = '%' where user ='root'; 
mysql>select host from user where user='root'; 
mysql>flush privileges;

7.重启mysql服务

net stop mysql
nte start mysql

嗯嗯,至此，mysql的安装配置已经完毕了。关于多实例配置以及读写分离的配置，这里不再提了，始终还是不喜欢win系统。
三、pyqt5使用mysql
虽然重写的版本已经不再依赖了，但是遇到的问题也暂行记录一下。
将安装中的lib目录下的libmysql.dll拷到python环境的pyqt5的模块包下即可。