C#依赖与耦合

  总结一下在C#语言中关于抽象类与接口的相关知识，来源B站刘铁猛老师的C#课程：《C#语言入门详解》。

耦合的概念：

  高内聚低耦合，是软件工程中的概念，是判断软件设计好坏的标准，主要用于程序的面向对象的设计，主要看类的内聚性是否高，耦合度是否低。目的是使程序模块的可重用性、移植性大大增强。耦合是软件结构中各模块之间相互连接的一种度量，耦合强弱取决于模块间接口的复杂程度、进入或访问一个模块的点以及通过接口的数据。

耦合度低的示例：

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var driver = new Driver(new Car());//实例化Driver类，传入实现IVehicle接口（满足IVehicle契约）的Car的实例
            driver.Drive();
            System.Console.WriteLine("vehicle message :{0},MaxSpeed is {1},Weight is {2}.",driver._vehicle.Name,driver._vehicle.MaxSpeed,driver._vehicle.Weight);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        
    }

    class Driver
    {
        public IVehicle _vehicle;
        //司机驾驶汽车
        public Driver(IVehicle vehicle)//构造函数，需要一个IVehicle类型的接口作为参数
        {
            this._vehicle=vehicle;
        }
        public void Drive()
        {
            this._vehicle.Run();
            this._vehicle.Stop();
        }
        
    }
    interface IVehicle//定义接口，制定车辆应满足的规范（契约）
    {
        public void Run();
        public void Stop();
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int MaxSpeed { get; set; }
        public  int Weight { get; set; }
    }
    class Bicycle : IVehicle//实现IVehicle接口
    {
        private string name ="Bicycle";
        private int maxSpeed = 50;
        private int weight = 50;

        public string Name { get => name; set => name = value; }
        public int Weight { get => weight; set => weight = value; }
        public int MaxSpeed { get => maxSpeed; set => maxSpeed = value; }
        
        public void Run()
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine("Bicycle is running.");
        }
        public void Stop()
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine("Stopped..."); 
        }
    }
    class Car :IVehicle
    {
        private string name="Car";
        private int maxSpeed = 100;
        private int weight = 100;
        public string Name { get => name; set=> name =value; }
        public int Weight { get => weight; set => weight = value; }
        public int MaxSpeed { get => maxSpeed; set => maxSpeed = value; }
        public void Run()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Car is running");
        }
        public void Stop()
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine("Stopped...");
        }
    }

  其中，如果驾驶者开的汽车出现故障，更换交通工具，选择骑自行车出行，只需在主方法中将Car替换成Bicycle即可。

var driver = new Driver(new Car());
替换↓↓↓↓
var driver = new Driver(new Bicycle());