[Linux命令行笔记] shell 扩展和引用

一、扩展

1、路径名扩展

【*】【[.]】【?】等，通过通配符实现的扩展机制

[test@localhost tmp]$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Music  output.txt  Pictures  Videos
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo D*
Desktop Documents
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo *s
Documents Pictures Videos
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo [[:upper:]]*
Desktop Documents Music Pictures Videos
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo /usr/*/share
/usr/local/share

对于隐藏文件的路径名扩展:

[test@localhost tmp]$ echo .*
. .. .vimrc
[test@localhost tmp]$ ls -d .*
.  ..  .vimrc
[test@localhost tmp]$ ls -d .[!.]?*
.vimrc

2、波浪线扩展

【~用户名】扩展为指定用户的主目录名，默认为当前用户主目录

[test@localhost tmp]$ echo ~
/home/test
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo ~dev
/home/dev

3、算术扩展

【$((expression))】支持整数的加 (+) 减 (-) 乘 (*) 除 (/) 取余 (%) 和取幂 (**)

[test@localhost tmp]$ echo $((2 + 2))
4
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo $(($((5**2)) * 3))
75
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo $(((5**2) * 3))
75
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo Five divided by two squals $((5/2))
Five divided by two squals 2
[test@localhost tmp]$ echo with $((5%2)) left over
with 1 left over