访问硬件示例 访问键盘控制器

控制一个芯片首先要知道它的地址，大多数PC上的8259键盘控制器在地址0x60和0x64上是可寻址的，这些位置有时称为端口（port），因为它们提供了进入硬件芯片的入口。

在使用DDK时，有多个宏可以读写这些端口：

READ_PORT_UCHAR ();

WRITE_PORT_UCHAR();

另外也可以使用汇编指令.

示例代码如下所示，感兴趣的话可以自己试试：

#include "ntddk.h" #include "stdio.h" // use for _snprintf //#include <wdm.h> //#define RTL_STRING_CONST(x) \ //       (sizeof(L##x)-2, sizeof(L##x), L##x) PKTIMER gTimer; PKDPC gDPCP; UCHAR g_key_bits = 0; // command bytes #define SET_LEDS       0xED #define KEY_RESET      0xFF   // responses from keyboard #define KEY_ACK        0xFA    // ack #define KEY_AGAIN      0xFE    // send again   // 8042 ports // When you read from port 60, this is called STATUS_BYTE. // When you write to port 60, this is called COMMAND_BYTE/ // Read and write on port 64 is called DATA_BYTE. PUCHAR KEYBOARD_PORT_60 = ( PUCHAR )0x60; PUCHAR KEYBOARD_PORT_64 = ( PUCHAR )0x64;   // status register bits #define IBUFFER_FULL   0x02 #define OBUFFER_FULL   0x01   // flags for keyboard LEDS #define SCROLL_LOCK_BIT   (0x01 << 0) #define NUMLOCK_BIT       (0x01 << 1) #define CAPS_LOCK_BIT     (0x01 << 2)   ULONG WaitForKeyboard() {          char _t[255];          int i = 100;   // number of times to loop          UCHAR mychar;          DbgPrint("waiting for keyboard to become accessible\n");          do          {                    mychar = READ_PORT_UCHAR ( KEYBOARD_PORT_64 );                    KeStallExecutionProcessor(50);                    _snprintf(_t, 253, "WatiForKeyboard::read byte %02X from port 0x64\n", mychar);     DbgPrint(_t);                    if(!(mychar & IBUFFER_FULL)) break;  // if the flag is clear, we go ahead          }          while (i--);          if(i) return TRUE;          return FALSE; }     // Call WaitForKeyboard before calling this function void DrainOutputBuffer() {          char _t[255];          int i = 100; // number of times to loop          UCHAR c;          DbgPrint("draining keyboard buffer\n");          do          {                    c = READ_PORT_UCHAR(KEYBOARD_PORT_64);                    KeStallExecutionProcessor(666);                    _snprintf(_t, 253, "DrainOutputBuffer::read byte %02X from port 0x64\n", c);                    DbgPrint(_t);                    if(!(c & OBUFFER_FULL)) break; // if the flag is clear, we go ahead.                      // Gobble up the byte in the output buffer.                    c = READ_PORT_UCHAR(KEYBOARD_PORT_60);                    _snprintf(_t, 253, "DrainOutputBuffer::read byte %02X from port 0x60\n", c);                    DbgPrint(_t);          }          while (i--); }   // Write a byte to the data port at 0x60 ULONG SendKeyboardCommand ( IN UCHAR theCommand) {          char _t[255];          if ( TRUE == WaitForKeyboard ( ) )          {                    DrainOutputBuffer();                    _snprintf(_t, 253, "SendKeyboardCommand::sending byte %02X to port 0x60\n", theCommand);                    DbgPrint(_t);                    WRITE_PORT_UCHAR ( KEYBOARD_PORT_60, theCommand );                    DbgPrint("SendKeyboardCommand::sent\n");          }          else          {                    DbgPrint("SendKeyboardCommand::timeout waiting for keyboard\n");                    return FALSE;          }            return TRUE; }   void SetLEDS ( UCHAR theLEDS) {          // setup for setting LEDS          if ( FALSE == SendKeyboardCommand ( 0xED ) )          {                    DbgPrint("SetLEDS::error sending keyboard command\n");          }          // send the flags for the LEDS          if ( FALSE == SendKeyboardCommand ( theLEDS ) )          {                    DbgPrint("SetLEDS::error sending keyboard command\n");          } }   // called perodically VOID timerDPC ( IN PKDPC Dpc,                      IN PVOID DeferredContext,                                      IN PVOID sys1,                                      IN PVOID sys2 ) {          // WRITE_PORT_UCHAR ( KEYBOARD_PORT_64, 0xFE );          SetLEDS ( g_key_bits++ );          if ( g_key_bits > 0x07 ) g_key_bits = 0; }     // End keyboar code   void Example1Unload(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT pDrvobj) {          UNICODE_STRING usDosDevName;          DbgPrint("Example1: Driver is being unload.\n");            RtlInitUnicodeString(&usDosDevName, L"\\DosDevices\\ExampleLINK2");          IoDeleteSymbolicLink(&usDosDevName);          IoDeleteDevice(pDrvobj->DeviceObject);            // Keyboard unload code     KeCancelTimer ( gTimer );          ExFreePool ( gTimer );          ExFreePool ( gDPCP );          // Keyboard end }   NTSTATUS ExampleIrp(IN PDEVICE_OBJECT device, IN PIRP pIrp) { //       pDev; //       pIrp;          DbgPrint("An driver routine is called.\n");          return STATUS_SUCCESS; }   NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT pDrvObj, IN PUNICODE_STRING pUsRegPath) {          NTSTATUS status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;          UNICODE_STRING usDevName;          UNICODE_STRING usDosDevName;          PDEVICE_OBJECT pDevObj = NULL;          unsigned int nIndex;          LARGE_INTEGER timeout;          DbgPrint("Example: Driver entry is called. \n");            // Keyboard code start          // WRITE_PORT_UCHAR ( 0x60, 0xED );          // WRITE_PORT_UCHAR ( 0x60, 0x0000111b);                   timeout.QuadPart = -10;                   // These objects must be non-paged          gTimer = ExAllocatePool ( NonPagedPool, sizeof ( KTIMER ) );          gDPCP = ExAllocatePool ( NonPagedPool, sizeof ( KDPC ) );                     KeInitializeTimer ( gTimer );          KeInitializeDpc ( gDPCP, timerDPC, NULL );          if ( TRUE == KeSetTimerEx ( gTimer, timeout, 1000, gDPCP ) )          {                    DbgPrint("Timer was already queued .. ");          }   //       usDevName = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"\\Device\\Example3"); //       usDosDevName = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"\\DosDevice\\Example3");          RtlInitUnicodeString(&usDevName, L"\\Device\\Example3");          RtlInitUnicodeString(&usDosDevName, L"\\DosDevices\\ExampleLINK2");            // Create Device          status = IoCreateDevice(pDrvObj, 0, &usDevName, FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,                    FILE_DEVICE_SECURE_OPEN, FALSE, &pDevObj);            if(NT_SUCCESS(status))          {                    for(nIndex = 0; nIndex < IRP_MJ_MAXIMUM_FUNCTION; ++nIndex)                             pDrvObj->MajorFunction[nIndex] = ExampleIrp;                      pDrvObj->DriverUnload = Example1Unload;                      // 把ã?创ä¡ä建¡§的Ì?设¦¨¨备À?保À¡ê存ä?起e来¤¡ä，ê?否¤?则¨°以°?后¨®不?能¨¹引°y用®?                    pDrvObj->DeviceObject = pDevObj;                    status = IoCreateSymbolicLink(&usDosDevName, &usDevName);                    if(!NT_SUCCESS(status))                    {                             DbgPrint("IoCreateSymbolicLink failed.\n");                             IoDeleteDevice(pDevObj);                      }                    else                    {                             DbgPrint("Successed!.\n");                    }                               }          else          {                    DbgPrint("IoCreateDevice failed\n");          }       return status;   }