1、Callable:
public interface Callable<V>
返回结果并且可能抛出异常的任务。实现者定义了一个不带任何参数的叫做 call 的方法。
Callable 接口类似于 Runnable
,两者都是为那些其实例可能被另一个线程执行的类设计的。但是 Runnable 不会返回结果,并且无法抛出经过检查的异常。
Executors
类包含一些从其他普通形式转换成 Callable 类的实用方法。
2、Future:
public interface Future<V>
Future 表示异步计算的结果。它提供了检查计算是否完成的方法,以等待计算的完成,并获取计算的结果。计算完成后只能使用 get 方法来获取结果,如有必要,计算完成前可以阻塞此方法。取消则由 cancel 方法来执行。还提供了其他方法,以确定任务是正常完成还是被取消了。一旦计算完成,就不能再取消计算。如果为了可取消性而使用 Future 但又不提供可用的结果,则可以声明 Future<?> 形式类型、并返回 null 作为底层任务的结果。
get
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException
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如有必要,等待计算完成,然后获取其结果。
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返回:
- 计算的结果 抛出:
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CancellationException
- 如果计算被取消 -
ExecutionException
- 如果计算抛出异常 -
InterruptedException
- 如果当前的线程在等待时被中断
3、相关实例:
输出结果:<pre name="code" class="java">public class TestFutureTask { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); Callable<String> call = new Callable<String>() { public String call() throws Exception { Thread.sleep(1000 * 3);// 休眠指定的时间,此处表示该操作比较耗时 return "Other less important but longtime things."; } }; Future<String> task = exec.submit(call); //Thread.sleep(1000 * 3); System.out.println("Let's do important things."); //如果线程内部的事情还未处理完,即还没有返回结果,则会阻塞 boolean isDone = task.isDone(); while(!isDone){ isDone = task.isDone(); } String obj = task.get(); System.out.println(obj); // 关闭线程池 exec.shutdown(); } }
Let's do important things. Other less important but longtime things. 转载:http://www.itzhai.com/callable-and-future-realization-of-the-thread-waiting-for.html
其他
public class TestFutureTask2 { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); Runnable runnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(1000 * 2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }// 休眠指定的时间,此处表示该操作比较耗时 } }; Future<String> task = exec.submit(runnable, "aa"); System.out.println("Let's do important things."); //如果线程内部的事情还未处理完,即还没有返回结果,则会阻塞 boolean isDone = task.isDone(); while(!isDone){ //Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds, Thread.sleep(500); isDone = task.isDone(); } String obj = task.get(); System.out.println(obj);//输出aa,即上面submit方法传入的参数 // 关闭线程池 exec.shutdown(); } }
public class TestFutureTask3 { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); Runnable runnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(1000 * 2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }// 休眠指定的时间,此处表示该操作比较耗时 } }; Future<?> task = exec.submit(runnable); System.out.println("Let's do important things."); // 不重要的事情 //如果线程内部的事情还未处理完,即还没有返回结果,则会阻塞 boolean isDone = task.isDone(); while(!isDone){ //Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds, Thread.sleep(500); isDone = task.isDone(); } String obj = (String) task.get(); System.out.println(obj);//输出null // 关闭线程池 exec.shutdown(); } }