SVM算法通过将数据映射到高维空间，将数据分为两个类别。SVM算法的目标是找到一个超平面，可以将数据分为两个类别。SMO算法是一种优化算法，用于求解SVM中的二次规划问题。下面介绍如何使用SMO算法编写SVM对CIFAR-10数据进行分类。
首先，我们需要加载CIFAR-10数据集。CIFAR-10数据集包含10个类别的60000个32x32彩色图像。每个类别包含6000个图像。我们将使用Python中的pickle模块来加载数据集。以下是加载数据集的代码：
```python
import pickle
import numpy as np
def unpickle(file):
with open(file, 'rb') as fo:
dict = pickle.load(fo, encoding='bytes')
return dict
def load_cifar10_data():
xs = []
ys = []
for j in range(5):
d = unpickle('cifar-10-batches-py/data_batch_%d' % (j + 1))
x = d[b'data']
y = d[b'labels']
xs.append(x)
ys.append(y)
d = unpickle('cifar-10-batches-py/test_batch')
xs.append(d[b'data'])
ys.append(d[b'labels'])
x = np.concatenate(xs) / np.float32(255)
y = np.concatenate(ys)
return x.reshape((len(x), -1)), np.array(y)
```
接下来，我们将使用SMO算法来训练SVM模型。以下是使用SMO算法训练SVM模型的代码：
```python
class SVM:
def __init__(self, C, toler, kernel_opt=('linear', 0)):
self.C = C
self.toler = toler
self.kernel_opt = kernel_opt
def fit(self, X, y):
n_samples, n_features = X.shape
alpha = np.zeros(n_samples)
b = 0
kernel = kernel_set[self.kernel_opt[0]]
K = np.zeros((n_samples, n_samples))
for i in range(n_samples):
K[:, i] = kernel(X, X[i], self.kernel_opt[1])
iter = 0
while iter < max_iter:
num_changed_alphas = 0
for i in range(n_samples):
Ei = np.dot(alpha * y, K[:, i]) + b - y[i]
if (y[i] * Ei < -self.toler and alpha[i] < self.C) or \
(y[i] * Ei > self.toler and alpha[i] > 0):
j = np.random.choice([x for x in range(n_samples) if x != i])
Ej = np.dot(alpha * y, K[:, j]) + b - y[j]
alpha_i_old, alpha_j_old = alpha[i], alpha[j]
if y[i] != y[j]:
L = max(0, alpha[j] - alpha[i])
H = min(self.C, self.C + alpha[j] - alpha[i])
else:
L = max(0, alpha[i] + alpha[j] - self.C)
H = min(self.C, alpha[i] + alpha[j])
if L == H:
continue
eta = 2.0 * K[i, j] - K[i, i] - K[j, j]
if eta >= 0:
continue
alpha[j] -= y[j] * (Ei - Ej) / eta
alpha[j] = min(alpha[j], H)
alpha[j] = max(alpha[j], L)
if abs(alpha[j] - alpha_j_old) < 1e-5:
continue
alpha[i] += y[i] * y[j] * (alpha_j_old - alpha[j])
b1 = b - Ei - y[i] * (alpha[i] - alpha_i_old) * K[i, i] - \
y[j] * (alpha[j] - alpha_j_old) * K[i, j]
b2 = b - Ej - y[i] * (alpha[i] - alpha_i_old) * K[i, j] - \
y[j] * (alpha[j] - alpha_j_old) * K[j, j]
if 0 < alpha[i] < self.C:
b = b1
elif 0 < alpha[j] < self.C:
b = b2
else:
b = (b1 + b2) / 2
num_changed_alphas += 1
if num_changed_alphas == 0:
iter += 1
else:
iter = 0
self.X = X
self.y = y
self.kernel = kernel
self.alpha = alpha
self.b = b
def predict(self, X):
n_samples, n_features = X.shape
K = np.zeros((n_samples, len(self.X)))
for i in range(n_samples):
K[i, :] = self.kernel(self.X, X[i], self.kernel_opt[1])
y_pred = np.dot(self.alpha * self.y, K) + self.b
return np.sign(y_pred)
```
最后，我们使用以下代码来加载数据集并使用SMO算法训练SVM模型：
```python
X, y = load_cifar10_data()
y[y == 0] = -1
X_train, X_test = X[:50000], X[50000:]
y_train, y_test = y[:50000], y[50000:]
svm = SVM(C=1.0, toler=0.001, kernel_opt=('rbf', 1))
svm.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred_train = svm.predict(X_train)
y_pred_test = svm.predict(X_test)
train_acc = np.mean(y_train == y_pred_train)
test_acc = np.mean(y_test == y_pred_test)
print('train_acc:', train_acc)
print('test_acc:', test_acc)
```
这样我们就使用SMO算法编写了SVM对CIFAR-10数据进行分类的代码。
先序遍历为 ACB冲突所以错
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