leetcode 84. Largest Rectangle in Histogram

class Solution {
public:
    int largestRectangleArea(vector<int>& heights) {
        heights.insert(heights.begin(), 0); // 哨兵
        int ret = 0 ;
        stack<int> sta;
        sta.push(0);
        for (int i = 1; i < heights.size(); ++i){ 
            while (heights[i] < heights[sta.top()]){
                int value = heights[sta.top()];
                sta.pop();
                ret = max (ret, value * (i - sta.top() - 1));
            }
            sta.push(i);
        }
        while (sta.size() > 1){
            int value = heights[sta.top()];
            sta.pop();
            ret = max (ret, value * ((int)heights.size() - sta.top() - 1));
        }
        return ret;
    }

};