部署python web项目到服务器（使用docker）
参考 : https://blog.51cto.com/fish/6023519
(一)创建虚拟环境
创建目录
mkdir mytest
cd mytest
[root@python mytest]# pwd
/root/mytest
创建虚拟环境
[root@python mytest]# python3 -m venv myvenv
激活虚拟环境
[root@python mytest]# source myvenv/bin/activate
一旦激活虚拟环境后,将进入到该虚拟环境下的shell界面,如下:
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]#
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 222 Mar 31 11:14 demo.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 307 Mar 31 13:26 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 282 Mar 31 13:38 gunicorn.conf.py
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 100 Mar 31 11:45 myvenv
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 261 Mar 31 13:03 requirements.txt
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]#
(二)创建flask项目
在文件夹mytest下，创建一个demo.py启动文件
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
return 'hello docker & flask & 爱看书的小沐.'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True)
在该环境下执行demo.py文件, 由于没有flask环境将报错
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# python demo.py
...
安装flask
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# python install flask
...
再次运行demo.py
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# python demo.py
* Serving Flask app 'demo' (lazy loading)
* Environment: production
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
Use a production WSGI server instead.
* Debug mode: on
* Running on all addresses.
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
* Running on http://10.0.0.101:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
* Restarting with stat
* Debugger is active!
* Debugger PIN: 128-311-800
监听5000端口,可以正常跑起来
(三)安装 gunicorn gevent, 提高性能
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# pip install gunicorn gevent flask
在mytest目录下创建gunicorn.conf.py配置文件
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# vim gunicorn.conf.py
文件内容如下:
workers = 5 # 定义同时开启的处理请求的进程数量，根据网站流量适当调整
worker_class = "gevent" # 采用gevent库，支持异步处理请求，提高吞吐量
bind = "0.0.0.0:5000" #端口随便写，但是注意是否已经被占用。netstap -lntp
启动gunicorn,如下
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# gunicorn demo:app -c gunicorn.conf.py
[2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58874] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58874] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:3000 (58874)
[2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58874] [INFO] Using worker: gevent
[2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58877] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58877
[2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58878] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58878
[2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58879] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58879
[2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58880] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58880
[2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58881] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58881
(四)将项目部署到docker上
(1) 执行如下命令, 生成python项目所依赖的包文件, 将其写入到requirements.txt文件中
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# pip freeze > requirements.txt
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 222 Mar 31 11:14 demo.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 282 Mar 31 13:38 gunicorn.conf.py
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 100 Mar 31 11:45 myvenv
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 69 Mar 31 14:08 __pycache__
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 261 Mar 31 13:03 requirements.txt
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# cat requirements.txt
click==8.0.4
dataclasses==0.8
Flask==2.0.3
gevent==22.10.2
greenlet==2.0.2
gunicorn==20.1.0
importlib-metadata==4.8.3
itsdangerous==2.0.1
Jinja2==3.0.3
MarkupSafe==2.0.1
typing_extensions==4.1.1
Werkzeug==2.0.3
zipp==3.6.0
zope.event==4.6
zope.interface==5.5.2
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]#
(2) 创建Dockerfile文件, 用于构建自己的镜像
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# vim Dockerfile
(myvenv) [root@python mytest]# cat Dockerfile
FROM python:3.8
WORKDIR /project/
COPY requirements.txt ./
RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install --ignore-requires-python dataclasses==0.8
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
#将当前所有文件拷贝到要制作的docker镜像中
COPY . .
CMD ["gunicorn", "demo:app", "-c", "./gunicorn.conf.py"]
(3) 配置docker镜像加速地址
[root@python mytest]# mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@python mytest]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://o6ul5754.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
"https://ung2thfc.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
"https://registry.docker-cn.com",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
]
}
EOF
[root@python mytest]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://o6ul5754.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
"https://ung2thfc.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
"https://registry.docker-cn.com",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
]
}
[root@python mytest]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@python mytest]# systemctl restart docker
验证配置是否生效
[root@python mytest]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
Version: v0.10.4
Path: /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
Version: v2.17.2
Path: /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc.)
Version: v0.23.0
Path: /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-scan
Server:
Containers: 5
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 5
Images: 3
Server Version: 23.0.2
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Using metacopy: false
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 1e1ea6e986c6c86565bc33d52e34b81b3e2bc71f
runc version: v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: builtin
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.934GiB
Name: python
ID: IP2S:J2XT:35RB:KK7O:HFQ5:FMME:HNT2:LYFR:74GT:7CWE:GXGM:446B
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://o6ul5754.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
https://ung2thfc.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
https://registry.docker-cn.com/
http://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
Live Restore Enabled: false
(4) 制作docker镜像
[root@python mytest]# docker build -t myapp:1.0 .
[+] Building 18.5s (12/12) FINISHED
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 406B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.8 0.2s
=> [1/7] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.8@sha256:4c4e6735f46e7727965d1523015874ab08f71377b3536b8789ee5742fc737059 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.2s
=> => transferring context: 370.95kB 0.2s
=> CACHED [2/7] WORKDIR /project/ 0.0s
=> CACHED [3/7] COPY requirements.txt ./ 0.0s
=> CACHED [4/7] RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip 0.0s
=> [5/7] RUN pip install --ignore-requires-python dataclasses==0.8 2.3s
=> [6/7] RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 12.5s
=> [7/7] COPY . . 2.2s
=> exporting to image 1.2s
=> => exporting layers 1.1s
=> => writing image sha256:4afe28f18625b8bf5cdcb9785d158e9917561d1d6de1367e71bf4fa3d40fc407 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/myapp:1.0 0.0s
[root@python mytest]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
myapp 1.0 4afe28f18625 59 minutes ago 1.01GB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB
(5) 运行该镜像成docker容器
[root@python mytest]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 myapp:1.0
a91f1d816659e5abcd74a34d4bfc2a049a60c98d0a797a49202a7cc83bbc0778
[root@python mytest]#
浏览器访问 http://10.0.0.101:5000 页面可以正常访问并获取到数据
(6) 如果修改代码, 需要重新制作该镜像文件, 例如修改demo.py文件如下
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
return 'hello docker 666'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True, threaded=True)
同时修改端口5000为3000; 重新制作docker镜像文件
[root@python mytest]# docker build -t myapp:1.1 . # 这次打的标签tag版本为1.1
[root@python mytest]# docker build -t myapp:1.1 .
[+] Building 16.6s (12/12) FINISHED
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 406B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.8 15.2s
=> [1/7] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.8@sha256:4c4e6735f46e7727965d1523015874ab08f71377b3536b8789ee5742fc737059 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.2s
=> => transferring context: 370.93kB 0.2s
=> CACHED [2/7] WORKDIR /project/ 0.0s
=> CACHED [3/7] COPY requirements.txt ./ 0.0s
=> CACHED [4/7] RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip 0.0s
=> CACHED [5/7] RUN pip install --ignore-requires-python dataclasses==0.8 0.0s
=> CACHED [6/7] RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 0.0s
=> [7/7] COPY . . 0.7s
=> exporting to image 0.5s
=> => exporting layers 0.5s
=> => writing image sha256:c7df86df2dd926af25bf4194e18abbd5af873ef25ba0ed5c5cbf686d8f2df62d 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/myapp:1.1 0.0s
[root@python mytest]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
myapp 1.1 c7df86df2dd9 7 seconds ago 1.01GB
myapp 1.0 4afe28f18625 11 minutes ago 1.01GB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB
[root@python mytest]# docker run -d -p 3000:3000 myapp:1.1
254176fcad70aebde1bb80b120b7b1f715ea1c67ce2a4d3e949b5be1bec13abc
[root@python mytest]#
再次访问 http://10.0.0.101:3000 已经正常访问
(五) 保存镜像文件到指定目录下
查看当前镜像
[root@python mytest]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
check_tools 1.4 1175ff06f5c3 21 hours ago 1.06GB
check_tools 1.3 908c5ec78290 22 hours ago 1.04GB
check_tools 1.2 c584b78ae39d 22 hours ago 1.04GB
check_tools 1.1 770dd461a2cf 22 hours ago 1.04GB
check_tools 1.0 2692e79d33a2 6 days ago 1.01GB
myapp 1.1 c7df86df2dd9 7 days ago 1.01GB
myapp 1.0 4afe28f18625 7 days ago 1.01GB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB
保存镜像到指定目录下
[root@python mytest]# docker save 1175ff06f5c3>/root/check_tools.tar #check_tools.tar为打包的文件
查看保存的镜像文件 check_tools.tar
[root@python mytest]# ll /root/
total 1075124
-rw-------. 1 root root 1650 Oct 22 2020 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1083920896 Apr 6 16:10 check_tools.tar
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 140 Apr 7 13:16 mytest
drwxr-xr-x. 17 501 501 4096 Jan 12 2021 Python-3.6.4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16992824 Jan 12 2021 Python-3.6.4.tar.xz
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 66 Jan 20 2021 test
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 21 Jan 20 2021 virtualenv_1
[root@python mytest]#
(六) 在另一台主机上加载镜像文件
将上述步骤生成的
check_tools.tar文件拷贝到另一台机器上进行加载
[root@localhost ~]# docker load < check_tools.tar # check_tools.tar 为文件名称
查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
check_tools 1.4 1175ff06f5c3 21 hours ago 1.06GB
[root@localhost ~]#
后台启动该镜像服务
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 3000:3000 check_tools:1.4
22870b5ee2f07c2faf85b9f29bbec078355b9dd510154abb6a2f299a0078792d
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
22870b5ee2f0 check_tools:1.4 "gunicorn check_tool…" 35 seconds ago Up 34 seconds 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp, :::3000->3000/tcp flamboyant_keller
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7037/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14811/docker-proxy
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7125/master
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 7037/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::3000 :::* LISTEN 14815/docker-proxy
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 7125/master
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 6325/chronyd
udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 6325/chronyd
[root@localhost ~]#
(七)逻辑卷映射
为避免每次修改代码后, 都要重新制作镜像文件, 采用逻辑卷映射: 将宿主机的某个目录映射到镜像文件中的某个目录, 以后只需要宿主机中的对应文件就可以
逻辑卷映射 check_tool_data
[root@python mytest]# docker run -p 3000:3000 -v check_tool_data:/project/ check_tools:1.7
[2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [1] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [1] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:3000 (1)
[2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [1] [INFO] Using worker: gevent
[2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [8] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 8
[2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [9] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 9
[2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [10] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 10
[2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [11] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 11
[2023-04-07 07:14:50 +0000] [12] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 12
^C[2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [1] [INFO] Handling signal: int
[2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [8] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 8)
[2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [9] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 9)
[2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [12] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 12)
[2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [11] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 11)
[2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [10] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 10)
[2023-04-07 07:17:03 +0000] [1] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
查找逻辑卷位置
[root@python mytest]# find / -name check_tool_data
/var/lib/docker/volumes/check_tool_data
[root@python mytest]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/check_tool_data
[root@python _data]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7112 Apr 6 16:03 check_tools.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 222 Mar 31 11:14 demo.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 389 Apr 6 16:04 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 281 Apr 6 15:27 gunicorn.conf.py
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 71 Apr 7 15:14 json_file
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 100 Apr 7 15:14 myvenv
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 76 Apr 7 15:14 __pycache__
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 280 Apr 6 15:39 requirements.txt
[root@python _data]#
之后只需要修改
/var/lib/docker/volumes/check_tool_data/check_tools.py文件就可以了, 修改代码重新启动容器就可以加载到修改后的代码了[root@python mytest]# docker run -p 3000:3000 -v check_tool_data:/project/ check_tools:1.7
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