【Spring笔记】三、Spring配置数据源（数据库连接池）

Spring配置数据源（数据库连接池）的方法

1、数据源（连接池）

• 数据库连接池可以提高程序性能
• 提前实例化连接池，初始化部分连接资源
• 使用连接资源时，从连接池中获取
• 使用完毕后将连接资源归还给数据源

常见数据源：DBCP、C3P0、Druid

2、数据库连接池开发步骤

1. 导入数据源的依赖、数据库驱动的依赖
2. 创建数据源对象
3. 设置数据源的基本连接配置
4. 使用数据源获取连接资源和归还连接资源

手动创建C3P0连接池

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.46</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
    <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>

单元测试

public void test1() throws Exception {
    ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
    dataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/");
    dataSource.setUser("root");
    dataSource.setPassword("123456");
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
    //com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyConnection@511baa65
    connection.close();
}

手动创建Druid连接池

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.46</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>

单元测试

public void test2() throws Exception {
    DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
    dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/");
    dataSource.setUsername("root");
    dataSource.setPassword("123456");
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
    //com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@233c0b17
    connection.close();
}

手动创建C3P0连接池，加载配置文件

resources目录下创建jdbc.properties文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

    public void test3() throws Exception {
//       读取配置文件
        ResourceBundle resourceBundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
        String driver = resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.driver");
        String url = resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.url");
        String username = resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.username");
        String password = resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.password");
//      创建数据源对象 设置连接参数
        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUser(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
        System.out.println("connection = " + connection);
        connection.close();
    }

3、Spring产生数据源

可将DataSource的创建交由Spring去创建

1、pom.xml下导入Spring依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

2、pom.xml下导入数据源依赖、数据库驱动依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.46</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>

3、在resources目录下新建applicationContext.xml

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/>
    <property name="username" value="root"/>
    <property name="password" value="123456"/>
</bean>

4、Spring容器产生数据源对象

public void test4() throws Exception {
    ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    DataSource dataSource = app.getBean(DataSource.class);
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
    //com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@797badd3
    connection.close();
}

4、Spring抽取jdbc配置文件

resources目录下创建jdbc.properties文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

Spring配置文件的beans标签加入如下属性

 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"

配置完如下

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

Spring容器加载properties文件

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<property name="xxx" value="${key}"/>

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>

此时${key}就代表jdbc.properties文件中的key对应的value

单元测试

public void test4() throws Exception {
    ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    DataSource dataSource = app.getBean(DataSource.class);
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
    //com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@75f9eccc
    connection.close();
}

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