Flask之Helpers

Helper模块是Flask的辅助模块，提供一些公共能力的函数和类定义

_PackageBoundObject类

class _PackageBoundObject(object):
    def __init__(self, import_name, template_folder=None, root_path=None):
        #: The name of the package or module.  Do not change this once
        #: it was set by the constructor.
        self.import_name = import_name

        #: location of the templates.  ``None`` if templates should not be
        #: exposed.
        self.template_folder = template_folder

        if root_path is None:
            root_path = get_root_path(self.import_name)

        #: Where is the app root located?
        self.root_path = root_path

        self._static_folder = None
        self._static_url_path = None

该类定义了如下参数：

• import_name：模块名称
• template_folder：template目录
• root_path：根路径
• _static_folder：static目录
• _static_url_path：static访问url

root_path根路径可能需要通过import_name模块名导出，如何由模块名导出模块根路径？

模块导入不得不提到pkgutil包，请参考另外一篇文章《python之pkgutil》

def get_root_path(import_name):
    """Returns the path to a package or cwd if that cannot be found.  This
    returns the path of a package or the folder that contains a module.

    Not to be confused with the package path returned by :func:`find_package`.
    """
    # Module already imported and has a file attribute.  Use that first.
    mod = sys.modules.get(import_name)
    if mod is not None and hasattr(mod, '__file__'):
        return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(mod.__file__))

    # Next attempt: check the loader.
    loader = pkgutil.get_loader(import_name)

    # Loader does not exist or we're referring to an unloaded main module
    # or a main module without path (interactive sessions), go with the
    # current working directory.
    if loader is None or import_name == '__main__':
        return os.getcwd()

    # For .egg, zipimporter does not have get_filename until Python 2.7.
    # Some other loaders might exhibit the same behavior.
    if hasattr(loader, 'get_filename'):
        filepath = loader.get_filename(import_name)
    else:
        # Fall back to imports.
        __import__(import_name)
        mod = sys.modules[import_name]
        filepath = getattr(mod, '__file__', None)

        # If we don't have a filepath it might be because we are a
        # namespace package.  In this case we pick the root path from the
        # first module that is contained in our package.
        if filepath is None:
            raise RuntimeError('No root path can be found for the provided '
                               'module "%s".  This can happen because the '
                               'module came from an import hook that does '
                               'not provide file name information or because '
                               'it\'s a namespace package.  In this case '
                               'the root path needs to be explicitly '
                               'provided.' % import_name)

    # filepath is import_name.py for a module, or __init__.py for a package.
    return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filepath))

get_root_path函数用于根据模块名得到模块路径。
如果模块已经加载过，也即通过sys.modules列表能找到该模块名，并且该模块有__file__属性，则直接返回__file__即可得到模块路径

否则，先通过模块名找到模块加载器，如果加载器为空（说明模块未加载）或者模块是通过执行python模块的方式来访问模块，则直接返回当前进程工作路径作为模块路径

如果加载器方法get_filename，则调用该方法获取模块名；否则导入该模块，并且通过sys.modules获取模块及其属性__file__，如果__file__属性值未空，则直接抛出异常

最后，根据前面确定的文件路径确定根目录