struts2作为一个很成熟的mvc框架,经久不衰,虽然有下降趋势,但是很多公司还是沿用struts2作为mvc框架,接下来就先来完成一个struts2的一个登陆例子,只为了解流程和基本原理。
一:概述
Struts2的核心是一个Filter,Action可以脱离web容器,那么是什么让http请求和action关联在一起的,下面我们深入源码来分析下Struts2是如何工作的。
FilterDispatcher API 写道
Deprecated. Since Struts 2.1.3, use StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
instead or StrutsPrepareFilter and StrutsExecuteFilter if needing
using the ActionContextCleanUp filter in addition to this one
ps:这里附上我看的博文http://www.iteye.com/topic/829843,博主也是写的贼好,在我的理解,StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter,struts2核心就是Filter,StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter的主要作用就是完成基础的filter参数配置(如我们在web.xml中配置的filter的初始化参数),解析struts相关的default.properties,struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,struts.xml等等,解析完就会有ActionMapping之类的,匹配请求,重点是创建上下文ActionContext(存session,request,application之类的),之后有请求来的时候就会把请求匹配ActionMapping。
二:实现
这里我就不传github了,给个项目结构图吧
1.鉴于常规情况官方推荐使用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter替代FilterDispatcher,我们此文将剖析StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter,其在工程中作为一个Filter配置在web.xml中,配置如下:
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
2.我用的是maven,先导入一个jar包
(想自己创建骨架请看我另一篇博文http://blog.csdn.net/shouldnotappearcalm/article/details/52353712)
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.nsu</groupId>
<artifactId>ClassStudyStruts2_01</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.struts/struts2-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.3.28</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.freemarker/freemarker -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
<artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
<version>2.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.struts.xwork/xwork-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts.xwork</groupId>
<artifactId>xwork-core</artifactId>
<version>2.3.28</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/ognl/ognl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ognl</groupId>
<artifactId>ognl</artifactId>
<version>3.1.14</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-lang/commons-lang -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/jstl/jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:if test="${errorMessage !=null}">${errorMessage }</c:if>
<form action="login.action">
<input type="text" name="username" value="" />
<input type="password" name="password" value="" />
<button type="submit">登陆</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
4.index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
index
${username }
</body>
</html>
4.struts.xml(前面懒得找那个dtd规范文件头的,在项目的Libirary里面Maven Dependencies里面struts-core-2.3.28.jar里面,有struts-default.xml,你把他拷贝过来就行了)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="gzr" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="login" class="com.nsu.edu.action.UserAction">
<result name="ok">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="fail">/login.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
这里的配置还是挺简单的,name随便起,namespace你如果写个/xx,那你的login请求就应该是/xx/login.action才能请求过来,这里的action标签可以指定Action类的method,还有种写法 action name=”user_*”,method=”{1}”,有兴趣的可以去查查如果是user_registPage.action 调用方法为 registPage。
5.最后就是UserAction,不难,自己看吧。
package com.nsu.edu.action;
public class UserAction {
String username;
String password;
String errorMessage;
/**
* 业务组件
* @return
*/
public String execute(){
System.out.println(username+","+password);
if("gzr".equals(username.trim())){
if("Aa11223344".equals(password.trim())){
return "ok";
}
else{
errorMessage="用户名对了,密码错了";
return "fail";
}
}
else{
errorMessage="用户名就错了";
return "fail";
}
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getErrorMessage() {
return errorMessage;
}
public void setErrorMessage(String errorMessage) {
this.errorMessage = errorMessage;
}
}