Linux 小技巧——Base64编码与解码

有时我们需要将一些数据进行base64编码或者解码,一般来说我们可能会去百度上找一个在线的编码工具。但是如果你正好在用linux系统那就不需要那么麻烦了可以直接使用linux的命令进行编码解码

编码(注意要加引号)

echo '你的内容' | base64

在这里插入图片描述
解码(注意要加引号)

echo '5L2g55qE5YaF5a65Cg==' | base64 -d

在这里插入图片描述

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Linux下的rar解压缩工具: RAR 5.60 beta 1 Copyright (c) 1993-2018 Alexander Roshal 21 Mar 2018 Trial version Type 'rar -?' for help Usage: rar <command> -<switch 1> -<switch N> <archive> <files...> <@listfiles...> <path_to_extract\> <Commands> a Add files to archive c Add archive comment ch Change archive parameters cw Write archive comment to file d Delete files from archive e Extract files without archived paths f Freshen files in archive i[par]=<str> Find string in archives k Lock archive l[t[a],b] List archive contents [technical[all], bare] m[f] Move to archive [files only] p Print file to stdout r Repair archive rc Reconstruct missing volumes rn Rename archived files rr[N] Add data recovery record rv[N] Create recovery volumes s[name|-] Convert archive to or from SFX t Test archive files u Update files in archive v[t[a],b] Verbosely list archive contents [technical[all],bare] x Extract files with full path <Switches> - Stop switches scanning @[+] Disable [enable] file lists ad Append archive name to destination path ag[format] Generate archive name using the current date ai Ignore file attributes ap<path> Set path inside archive as Synchronize archive contents c- Disable comments show cfg- Disable read configuration cl Convert names to lower case cu Convert names to upper case df Delete files after archiving dh Open shared files ds Disable name sort for solid archive dw Wipe files after archiving e[+]<attr> Set file exclude and include attributes ed Do not add empty directories en Do not put 'end of archive' block ep Exclude paths from names ep1 Exclude base directory from names ep3 Expand paths to full including the drive letter f Freshen files hp[password] Encrypt both file data and headers ht[b|c] Select hash type [BLAKE2,CRC32] for file checksum id[c,d,p,q] Disable messages ierr Send all messages to stderr ilog[name] Log errors to file inul Disable all messages isnd Enable sound iver Display the version number k Lock archive kb Keep broken extracted files log[f][=name] Write names to log file m<0..5> Set compression level (0-store...3-default...5-maximal) ma[4|5] Specify a version of archiving format mc<par> Set advanced compression parameters md<n>[k,m,g] Dictionary size in KB, MB or GB ms[ext;ext] Specify file types to store mt<threads> Set the number of threads n<file> Additionally filter included files n@ Read additional filter masks from stdin n@<list> Read additional filter masks from list file o[+|-] Set the overwrite mode oh Save hard links as the link instead of the file oi[0-4][:min] Save identical files as references ol[a] Process symbolic links as the link [absolute paths] or Rename files automatically ow Save or restore file owner and group p[password] Set password p- Do not query password qo[-|+] Add quick open information [none|force] r Recurse subdirectories r- Disable recursion r0 Recurse subdirectories for wildcard names only rr[N] Add data recovery record rv[N] Create recovery volumes s[<N>,v[-],e] Create solid archive s- Disable solid archiving sc<chr>[obj] Specify the character set sfx[name] Create SFX archive si[name] Read data from standard input (stdin) sl<size> Process files with size less than specified sm<size> Process files with size more than specified t Test files after archiving ta<date> Process files modified after <date> in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format tb<date> Process files modified before <date> in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format tk Keep original archive time tl Set archive time to latest file tn<time> Process files newer than <time> to<time> Process files older than <time> ts[m|c|a] Save or restore file time (modification, creation, access) u Update files v<size>[k,b] Create volumes with size=<size>*1000 [*1024, *1] ver[n] File version control vn Use the old style volume naming scheme vp Pause before each volume w<path> Assign work directory x<file> Exclude specified file x@ Read file names to exclude from stdin x@<list> Exclude files listed in specified list file y Assume Yes on all queries z[file] Read archive comment from file
1. 编码 Base64是一种用64个字符来表示任意二进制数据的编码方式。编码过程就是将二进制数据转换为可打印的ASCII字符集中的字符。 编码的过程如下: - 将传入的数据按照每3个字节一组进行划分。 - 对于每一组,将其转换为4个6位的数字,即24位。 - 将这4个数字转换为4个ASCII字符,即每个字符6位,不足6位的在后面补0。 - 如果原数据的长度不是3的倍数,则在末尾补0,然后用“=”字符表示补了几个0。 C语言中可以使用标准库中的函数实现Base64编码,具体实现如下: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> const char *base64_table = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; char *base64_encode(const unsigned char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length) { *output_length = 4 * ((input_length + 2) / 3); char *encoded_data = malloc(*output_length + 1); if (encoded_data == NULL) return NULL; for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) { uint32_t octet_a = i < input_length ? data[i++] : 0; uint32_t octet_b = i < input_length ? data[i++] : 0; uint32_t octet_c = i < input_length ? data[i++] : 0; uint32_t triple = (octet_a << 0x10) + (octet_b << 0x08) + octet_c; encoded_data[j++] = base64_table[(triple >> 3 * 6) & 0x3F]; encoded_data[j++] = base64_table[(triple >> 2 * 6) & 0x3F]; encoded_data[j++] = base64_table[(triple >> 1 * 6) & 0x3F]; encoded_data[j++] = base64_table[(triple >> 0 * 6) & 0x3F]; } for (size_t i = 0; i < (*output_length % 4); i++) encoded_data[*output_length - 1 - i] = '='; encoded_data[*output_length] = '\0'; return encoded_data; } 2. 解码 Base64解码过程就是将Base64编码的字符串转换为二进制数据。 解码的过程如下: - 将传入的字符串中的“=”字符去掉,将字符串长度调整为4的整数倍。 - 对于每4个字符,将其转换为3个6位的数字,即18位。 - 将这3个数字转换为3个字节的二进制数据。 - 如果编码的数据末尾有1或2个“=”字符,则表示解码后的数据末尾有1或2个字节为0。 C语言中可以使用标准库中的函数实现Base64解码,具体实现如下: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> const char *base64_table = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; int base64_decode_char(char c) { if (isupper(c)) return c - 'A'; if (islower(c)) return c - 'a' + 26; if (isdigit(c)) return c - '0' + 52; if (c == '+') return 62; if (c == '/') return 63; return -1; } unsigned char *base64_decode(const char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length) { if (input_length % 4 != 0) return NULL; *output_length = input_length / 4 * 3; if (data[input_length - 1] == '=') (*output_length)--; if (data[input_length - 2] == '=') (*output_length)--; unsigned char *decoded_data = malloc(*output_length); if (decoded_data == NULL) return NULL; for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) { uint32_t sextet_a = base64_decode_char(data[i++]); uint32_t sextet_b = base64_decode_char(data[i++]); uint32_t sextet_c = base64_decode_char(data[i++]); uint32_t sextet_d = base64_decode_char(data[i++]); uint32_t triple = (sextet_a << 3 * 6) + (sextet_b << 2 * 6) + (sextet_c << 1 * 6) + (sextet_d << 0 * 6); if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 2 * 8) & 0xFF; if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 1 * 8) & 0xFF; if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 0 * 8) & 0xFF; } return decoded_data; } 以上就是Base64编码解码的C语言实现。使用时只需要调用相应的函数即可。

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