ORDER BY
语法
SELECT field1, field2,...fieldN table_name1, table_name2...
ORDER BY field1, [field2...] [ASC [DESC]]
在 PHP 脚本中使用 ORDER BY 子句
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3306'; // mysql服务器主机地址
$dbuser = 'root'; // mysql用户名
$dbpass = '123456'; // mysql用户名密码
$conn = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('连接失败: ' . mysqli_error($conn));
}
// 设置编码,防止中文乱码
mysqli_query($conn , "set names utf8");
$sql = 'SELECT runoob_id, runoob_title,
runoob_author, submission_date
FROM runoob_tbl
ORDER BY submission_date ASC';
mysqli_select_db( $conn, 'RUNOOB' );
$retval = mysqli_query( $conn, $sql );
if(! $retval )
{
die('无法读取数据: ' . mysqli_error($conn));
}
echo '<h2>菜鸟教程 MySQL ORDER BY 测试<h2>';
echo '<table border="1"><tr><td>教程 ID</td><td>标题</td><td>作者</td><td>提交日期</td></tr>';
while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo "<tr><td> {$row['runoob_id']}</td> ".
"<td>{$row['runoob_title']} </td> ".
"<td>{$row['runoob_author']} </td> ".
"<td>{$row['submission_date']} </td> ".
"</tr>";
}
echo '</table>';
mysqli_close($conn);
?>
GROUP BY
语法
SELECT column_name, function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name;
使用 WITH ROLLUP
- 实现在分组统计数据基础上再进行相同的统计(SUM,AVG,COUNT…)
使用 coalesce
- select coalesce(a,b,c);
如果a==null,则选择b;如果b==null,则选择c;如果a!=null,则选择a;如果a b c 都为null ,则返回为null
JOIN
- INNER JOIN(内连接,或等值连接):获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录。
- LEFT JOIN(左连接):获取左表所有记录,即使右表没有对应匹配的记录。
- RIGHT JOIN(右连接): 与 LEFT JOIN 相反,用于获取右表所有记录,即使左表没有对应匹配的记录。
在 PHP 脚本中使用 JOIN
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3306'; // mysql服务器主机地址
$dbuser = 'root'; // mysql用户名
$dbpass = '123456'; // mysql用户名密码
$conn = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('连接失败: ' . mysqli_error($conn));
}
// 设置编码,防止中文乱码
mysqli_query($conn , "set names utf8");
$sql = 'SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author';
mysqli_select_db( $conn, 'RUNOOB' );
$retval = mysqli_query( $conn, $sql );
if(! $retval )
{
die('无法读取数据: ' . mysqli_error($conn));
}
echo '<h2>菜鸟教程 MySQL JOIN 测试<h2>';
echo '<table border="1"><tr><td>教程 ID</td><td>作者</td><td>登陆次数</td></tr>';
while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo "<tr><td> {$row['runoob_id']}</td> ".
"<td>{$row['runoob_author']} </td> ".
"<td>{$row['runoob_count']} </td> ".
"</tr>";
}
echo '</table>';
mysqli_close($conn);
?>
sql 文件
/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer
Source Server : 127.0.0.1
Source Server Version : 50621
Source Host : localhost
Source Database : RUNOOB
Target Server Version : 50621
File Encoding : utf-8
Date: 04/13/2017 14:25:12 PM
*/
SET NAMES utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `runoob_tbl`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `runoob_tbl`;
CREATE TABLE `runoob_tbl` (
`runoob_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`runoob_title` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`runoob_author` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
`submission_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`runoob_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of `runoob_tbl`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `runoob_tbl` VALUES ('1', '学习 PHP', '菜鸟教程', '2017-04-12'), ('2', '学习 MySQL', '菜鸟教程', '2017-04-12'), ('3', '学习 Java', 'RUNOOB.COM', '2015-05-01'), ('4', '学习 Python', 'RUNOOB.COM', '2016-03-06'), ('5', '学习 C', 'FK', '2017-04-05');
COMMIT;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `tcount_tbl`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tcount_tbl`;
CREATE TABLE `tcount_tbl` (
`runoob_author` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`runoob_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of `tcount_tbl`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `tcount_tbl` VALUES ('菜鸟教程', '10'), ('RUNOOB.COM ', '20'), ('Google', '22');
COMMIT;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
NULL
- 在 MySQL 中,NULL 值与任何其它值的比较(即使是 NULL)永远返回 false,即 NULL = NULL 返回false 。
- MySQL 中处理 NULL 使用 IS NULL 和 IS NOT NULL 运算符。
- <=>: 比较操作符(不同于=运算符),当比较的的两个值为 NULL 时返回 true
使用 PHP 脚本处理 NULL 值
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3306'; // mysql服务器主机地址
$dbuser = 'root'; // mysql用户名
$dbpass = '123456'; // mysql用户名密码
$conn = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('连接失败: ' . mysqli_error($conn));
}
// 设置编码,防止中文乱码
mysqli_query($conn , "set names utf8");
if( isset($runoob_count ))
{
$sql = "SELECT runoob_author, runoob_count
FROM runoob_test_tbl
WHERE runoob_count = $runoob_count";
}
else
{
$sql = "SELECT runoob_author, runoob_count
FROM runoob_test_tbl
WHERE runoob_count IS NULL";
}
mysqli_select_db( $conn, 'RUNOOB' );
$retval = mysqli_query( $conn, $sql );
if(! $retval )
{
die('无法读取数据: ' . mysqli_error($conn));
}
echo '<h2>菜鸟教程 IS NULL 测试<h2>';
echo '<table border="1"><tr><td>作者</td><td>登陆次数</td></tr>';
while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo "<tr>".
"<td>{$row['runoob_author']} </td> ".
"<td>{$row['runoob_count']} </td> ".
"</tr>";
}
echo '</table>';
mysqli_close($conn);