c++ primer 学习之路二 —— 实验楼作业笔记（1-3）

最新推荐文章于 2019-05-05 10:21:17 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2019-05-05 10:21:17 发布

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分类专栏： cpp 文章标签： C++

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作业要求：

实现提示：

代码：

</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">// homework_1_3.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>


struct COURSE{
	COURSE() = default;
	COURSE(std::string &s, unsigned int n) : courseName(s), courseID(n){}

	std::string courseName;
	unsigned int courseID;
};//there need a ";" behind a struct 

int initCourses( std::vector<COURSE> *);
int help();
int printCourses( std::vector<COURSE> *);
int printNum( std::vector<COURSE> *);
int printLongName( std::vector<COURSE> *);
int deleteLast(std::vector<COURSE> *);


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	std::vector <COURSE> course;

#if 0
	course[0].courseName = "English";
	course[0].courseID = 001;
	course[1].courseName = "English History";
	course[1].courseID = 002;
	course[2].courseName = "Math";
	course[2].courseID = 003;
	course[3].courseName = "Chinese";
	course[3].courseID = 004;
	course[4].courseName = "Physical education";
	course[4].courseID = 005;
	course[5].courseName = "Psychology";
	course[5].courseID = 006;
	course[6].courseName = "Study of study";
	course[6].courseID = 007;
#endif


	initCourses(&course);


	std::cout << "Please enter a number and chose the operation: " << "\n" \
		<< "0  help" << "\n" \
		<< "1  print all courses " << "\n" \
		<< "2  get the total number of the courses " << "\n" \
		<< "3  print the longest name of the courses " << "\n" \
		<< "4  delete the last course " << "\n"\
		<< "5  quit the program" << "\n";

	int opra = 0;
	while (std::cin >> opra){
		switch (opra){
		case 0:
			help();
			break;
		case 1:
			printCourses(&course);
			break;
		case 2:
			printNum(&course);
			break;
		case 3:
			printLongName(&course);
			break;
		case 4:
			deleteLast(&course);
			break;
		case 5:
			goto loop;
			break;
		default:
			std::cout << "Wrong number, please retype in: ";
			break;
		}
	}


	
	loop:return 0;
}

//init the courses
#if 0
int initCourses(std::vector<COURSE> *course){
	(*course)[0].courseName = "English";
	(*course)[0].courseID = 001;
	(*course)[1].courseName = "English History";
	(*course)[1].courseID = 002;
	(*course)[2].courseName = "Math";
	(*course)[2].courseID = 003;
	(*course)[3].courseName = "Chinese";
	(*course)[3].courseID = 004;
	(*course)[4].courseName = "Physical education";
	(*course)[4].courseID = 005;
	(*course)[5].courseName = "Psychology";
	(*course)[5].courseID = 006;
	(*course)[6].courseName = "Study of study";
	(*course)[6].courseID = 007;

	return 0;
}
#endif

int initCourses(std::vector<COURSE> *course){
	COURSE eng;
	eng.courseID = 1001;
	eng.courseName = "English";
	(*course).push_back(eng);

	eng.courseID = 1002;
	eng.courseName = "math";
	(*course).push_back(eng);

	//错误代码，不能用下标的方式向vector添加元素
#if 0
	(*course)[0].courseName = "English";
	(*course)[0].courseID = 001;
	(*course)[1].courseName = "English History";
	(*course)[1].courseID = 002;
	(*course)[2].courseName = "Math";
	(*course)[2].courseID = 003;
	(*course)[3].courseName = "Chinese";
	(*course)[3].courseID = 004;
	(*course)[4].courseName = "Physical education";
	(*course)[4].courseID = 005;
	(*course)[5].courseName = "Psychology";
	(*course)[5].courseID = 006;
	(*course)[6].courseName = "Study of study";
	(*course)[6].courseID = 007;
#endif
	return 0;
}

//pirnt the help information
int help(){
	std::cout << "Please enter a number and chose the operation: " << "\n" \
		<< "0  help" << "\n" \
		<< "1  print all courses " << "\n" \
		<< "2  get the total number of the courses " << "\n" \
		<< "3  print the longest name of the courses " << "\n" \
		<< "4  delete the last course " << "\n"\
		<< "5  quit the program" << "\n";

	return 0;
}

//print all courseName and courseID
int printCourses( std::vector<COURSE> *course){
	for (std::vector<COURSE>::size_type i = 0, sz = (*course).size(); i != sz; i++){
		std::cout << (*course)[i].courseName << "  ";
		std::cout << (*course)[i].courseID << "\n";
	}
	return 0;
}


int printNum( std::vector<COURSE> *course){

	std::cout << "There are " << (*course).size() << "courses in the table" << "\n";
	
	return 0;
}

int printLongName( std::vector<COURSE> *course){
	COURSE longest; //save the longest name
	//for cycle to choice the longest name in the vector
	longest = (*course)[0]; //save the first one value in vector

	if (1 == (*course).size())
		;
	else if ((*course).size() > 1){
		for (std::vector<COURSE>::size_type it = 0;
			it < (*course).size() - 1; ++it){
			std::string str1 = longest.courseName;
			std::string str2 = { (*course)[it + 1].courseName };
			if (str1.size()< str2.size())//现存的小于下一个，则更新，否则什么也不做
				longest = (*course)[it + 1];
		}
	}
	std::cout << "The longest name of the course is " << longest.courseName << "  "\
		<< longest.courseID<< "\n";
	return 0;
}

int deleteLast(std::vector<COURSE> *course){

	std::vector<COURSE>::size_type lst = (*course).size();
	std::cout << "there are " << lst << "courses in the vector" << "\n";
	(*course).pop_back();//delete the last value in vector
	lst = (*course).size();//更新
	std::cout << "Now delete the last one,there is " << lst << "courses in the vector" << "\n";
	
	return 0;
}

自己写之前也没看实现提示，但总体思路与提示基本相同，代码可能效率太低，在以后学习过程中自己还得多修改，多完善。

１　整个程序的循环用一个while（cin）语句和 switch 语句作为程序的入口点，简单好操作。

2 在写第一个initCourses的时候，最开始想到用下标的方式初始化vector 对象，编译的时候程序没有报错，但一运行就中止，看了半天觉得没有问题，有病乱投医，在struct 里面加构造函数，把初始化的代码放到main函数里面，但最后都是不行。之后用push_back（）的方式添加元素，程序可以正常运行。查了一下书，发现p93~94清晰的写明vector对象不能用下标形式添加元素。光看书不打代码学习效果有限啊。

3 在学习过程中对vector对象在函数间传递的过程也有了一些了解。向函数传递的是地址，在函数内使用时需要先解引用再进行操作。

4 比较课程名长度，最开始直接用（string1 < string2）这种方式来判断，发现结果不正确，才想到 string类型 "<" ">" 比较的并非字符串的长度。一时想不出怎么比较长度，上网搜，发现值得学习的代码：

#include<stdio.h>
char *fun(char *s,char *t)
{
    int i,j=0,k=0;
    for(i=0;i<20;i++)
    {
        if(s[i]!='\0')
            j++;
        if(t[i]!='\0')
            k++;
    }
    if(j>=k)
        return s;
    else
        return t;
}
void main()
{
    char a[20],b[20];
    printf("input 1th string:");
    gets(a);
    printf("input 2th string:");
    gets(b);
    printf("%s\n",fun(a,b));
}

于是我用同样的方式比较两个字符串，运行后再次出现中止错误，原来最外层for循环中 i 超出了string 变量下标范围。又想将string保存在 char ch[20] 字符数组中，失败。邮箱将string 保存在 char ch[string.size()] 中，失败。咦——等等，string.size（），直接用这个就阔以了嘛。

折腾半天终于能够运行，虽然bug众多，但基本的操作还是能够完成。继续学习，强大程序的同时强大自己。

贴几篇学习中看到的文章：

vector容器中存放结构体类型的变量

http://blog.csdn.net/feliciafay/article/details/9128385

C++编程入门系列之十四（类与对象：构造函数和析构函数）

http://www.jizhuomi.com/software/51.html

vector中删除一个元素

http://blog.csdn.net/djf_1985/article/details/7556303

Ｃ＋＋　如何将容器（vector）作为参数传给一个函数？

http://www.360doc.com/content/13/1213/17/10724725_336894643.shtml

Vector当做引用在在函数中传递

http://www.blogjava.net/babymouse/archive/2008/10/10/233536.html

C++ 中如何用 vector类作为函数的参数

http://blog.csdn.net/doctormacky/article/details/6068106

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c++ primer 学习之路二 —— 实验楼作业笔记（1-3）

作业要求：实现提示：代码：// homework_1_3.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。//#include "stdafx.h"#include #include #include struct COURSE{ COURSE() = default; COURSE(std::string &s, unsigned int n) :
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