QGIS使用python控制台完成任务

QGIS的基本使用，教程推荐

https://study.163.com/course/courseLearn.htm?courseId=1005249002#/learn/video?lessonId=1052147225&courseId=1005249002
这个教程介绍了qgis的功能使用，以项目的形式介绍，快速上手。

读官方文档更好https://docs.qgis.org/3.16/en/docs/user_manual/preamble/preamble.html

设置中文

点击设置选项

选择语言。

使用python控制台

点击显示编辑器， 在里面进行完成业务逻辑。

QGIS使用python控制台加载项目

from qgis.core import (
    QgsProject,
    QgsPathResolver
)
from qgis.gui import (
    QgsLayerTreeMapCanvasBridge,
)
#得到现在的项目名称
project = QgsProject.instance()
print(project.fileName())
#打开其他的项目
#project.read(r'D:\pc\北京.qgz')
#print(project.fileName())
#保存原有项目
project.write()
#保存到一个新的文件
project.write("path/my_new_qgis_project.qgz")

加载图层Layer

import os
from qgis.core import (
    QgsVectorLayer,
    QgsProject,
    QgsApplication,
)
#Vector Layer
path_to_airports_layer = r"F:\桌面\文档\遗传算法\qgis\网上下载的资料\a级景区\等级景区.shp"
vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(path_to_airports_layer,"Airports layer","ogr")
if not vlayer.isValid():
    print("Layer failed to load!")
else:
    QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(vlayer)

#加载面
# get the path to a geopackage  e.g. /usr/share/qgis/resources/data/world_map.gpkg
path_to_gpkg = os.path.join(QgsApplication.pkgDataPath(), "resources", "data", "world_map.gpkg")
# append the layername part
gpkg_countries_layer = path_to_gpkg + "|layername=countries"
# e.g. gpkg_places_layer = "/usr/share/qgis/resources/data/world_map.gpkg|layername=countries"
vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(gpkg_countries_layer, "Countries layer", "ogr")
if not vlayer.isValid():
    print("Layer failed to load!")
else:
    QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(vlayer)



# list of layer names using list comprehension
l = [layer.name() for layer in QgsProject.instance().mapLayers().values()]
# dictionary with key = layer name and value = layer object
layers_list = {}
for l in QgsProject.instance().mapLayers().values():
    layers_list[l.name()] = l

print(layers_list)

创建临时图层

from qgis.core import (
    QgsProject,
    QgsPathResolver
)
from qgis.gui import (
    QgsLayerTreeMapCanvasBridge,
)
root = QgsProject.instance().layerTreeRoot()

# create a temporary layer
layer1 = QgsVectorLayer("path_to_layer", "Layer 1", "memory")
# add the layer to the legend, last position
root.addLayer(layer1)
# add the layer at given position
root.insertLayer(5, layer1)

调用算法

https://www.osgeo.cn/qgisdoc/docs/user_manual/processing_algs/qgis/networkanalysis.html#shortest-path-point-to-point

import os
from qgis.core import (
    QgsApplication, QgsDataSourceUri, QgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer,
    QgsClassificationRange, QgsPointXY, QgsProject, QgsExpression,
    QgsField, QgsFields, QgsFeature, QgsFeatureRequest, QgsFeatureRenderer,
    QgsGeometry, QgsGraduatedSymbolRenderer, QgsMarkerSymbol,
    QgsMessageLog, QgsRectangle, QgsRendererCategory, QgsRendererRange, QgsSymbol,
    QgsVectorDataProvider, QgsVectorLayer, QgsVectorFileWriter, QgsWkbTypes,
    QgsSpatialIndex, QgsVectorLayerUtils)
from qgis.core.additions.edit import edit
from qgis.PyQt.QtGui import (
    QColor,
)
import processing

# 初始化项目
init_pro = QgsProject.instance()
police_points = init_pro.mapLayersByName('layer1')[0]
# 获取点的属性
police_features = police_points.getFeatures()
# 获取点图层
event_points = init_pro.mapLayersByName('layer2')[0]
# 获取属性
events_features = event_points.getFeatures()
# 初始化列表
events_list = []
# 判断事故点状态，是否被处理或者被显示
grid_map = "导航线的路径 线图层"
event_point_status = event_points.isValid()  # 判断是否在图层中显示
if event_point_status:
    for event_p in events_features:
        attrs = event_p.attributes()
        state = attrs[2]
        e_geom = event_p.geometry()  # 是个点的地理信息
        geomSingleType = QgsWkbTypes.isSingleType(e_geom.wkbType())
        # 判断是否空闲状态，空闲加入队列
        if e_geom.type() == QgsWkbTypes.PointGeometry and state == "waiting":
            e_x, e_y = e_geom.asPoint().x(), e_geom.asPoint().y()
            for police_p in police_features:
                attrs = police_p.attributes()
                state = attrs[2]
                # 判断是否空闲状态，空闲加入队列
                p_geom = police_p.geometry()  # 是个点的地理信息
                geomSingleType = QgsWkbTypes.isSingleType(p_geom.wkbType())
                if p_geom.type() == QgsWkbTypes.PointGeometry and state == "free":
                    p_x, p_y = p_geom.asPoint().x(), p_geom.asPoint().y()
                    grid_map = init_pro.mapLayersByName('road2')[0]   # 通过名字找线图层 
                
            		start_point = str(p_x) + "," +str(p_y) + " [EPSG:3857]"
           		 	end_point = str(e_x) + "," +str(e_y) + " [EPSG:3857]"
                    map_features = grid_map.getFeatures()
                    print(p_geom)
                    print(e_geom)
            		param = {'DEFAULT_DIRECTION': 2,
                      'DEFAULT_SPEED': 50,
                      'DIRECTION_FIELD': '',
                      'END_POINT': end_point,
                      'INPUT': 'road2.geojson',
                      'OUTPUT': 'TEMPORARY_OUTPUT', # 创建临时图层 (TEMPORARY_OUTPUT ）保存到文件。。。保存到地理包。。。保存到PostGIS表。。。
                      'SPEED_FIELD': '',
                      'START_POINT': start_point,   # 起点（x,y）
                      'STRATEGY': 0,  # 0最短， 1最快
                      'TOLERANCE': 0,
                      'VALUE_BACKWARD': '',
                      'VALUE_BOTH': '',
                      'VALUE_FORWARD': ''}层 (TEMPORARY_OUTPUT ）保存到文件。。。保存到地理包。。。保存到PostGIS表。。。
                    }
                    processing.run("native:shortestpathpointtopoint", param)

                #  参数一般容易配错，不会写参数的话可以在qgis中运行一次算法，然后看上面的运行信息

输入输出都有

其他的看官网，一个套路