IOC与DI详解



IOC：控制反转，对象的创建不再由调用者控制，而是由第三方容器控制
IOC的实现：DI注入

DI依赖注入的方式有三种，下面就通过代码来详细讲解

一、属性注入

要求：1.要有set方法

           2.要有默认的构造器

1.先创建一个bean类

package com.gec.bean;

public class Car {
	private String brand;
	private int speed;
	private double price;
	
	public Car() {
		super();
	}
	public Car(String brand, int speed, double price) {
		super();
		this.brand = brand;
		this.speed = speed;
		this.price = price;
	}
	public String getBrand() {
		return brand;
	}
	public void setBrand(String brand) {
		this.brand = brand;
	}
	public int getSpeed() {
		return speed;
	}
	public void setSpeed(int speed) {
		this.speed = speed;
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", speed=" + speed + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}
	
}

2.在xml文件中注入属性

<bean id="car"  class="com.gec.bean.Car">
<!-- 属性注入，要求：要有默认的构造器，要有setXXX方法 -->
	<property name="brand"><value>红旗001</value></property>
	<property name="speed"><value>100</value></property>
	<property name="price"><value>100 0000.00</value></property>
</bean>

3.在测试类中获取容器并通过id创建bean类的实例

ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
		Car car=(Car) ctx.getBean("car");
		
		System.out.println(car.toString());

二、构造器注入，构造器注入可以通过类型或索引注入，也可以同时使用，还是以上面的bean类为例

<bean id="car01" class="com.gec.bean.Car">
<!-- 构造器注入：按类型注入 -->
	<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String"><value>红旗002</value></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg type="int"><value>200</value></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg type="double"><value>200 0000.00</value></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 构造器注入：按索引注入 -->
<bean id="car02"  class="com.gec.bean.Car">
	<constructor-arg index="0"><value><![CDATA[红旗003<001>]]></value></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg index="1"><value>300</value></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg index="2"><value>300 0000.0</value></constructor-arg>
</bean>

三、工厂方式注入

1.创建上面bean类的工厂

package com.gec.bean;

public class CarFactory {

	public  Car createCar(){
		Car car=new Car();
		car.setBrand("bengchi");
		car.setSpeed(200);
		car.setPrice(2000.00);
		return car;
	}
	public static  Car createCar2(){
		Car car=new Car();
		car.setBrand("baoma");
		car.setSpeed(200);
		car.setPrice(2000.00);
		return car;
	}

}

2.在xml文件中分别实现静态工厂方法注入和非静态工厂方法注入

<!-- 非静态工厂注入 -->
<bean id="carFactory" class="com.gec.bean.CarFactory"/>
<bean id="car04"  factory-bean="carFactory" factory-method="createCar"/>
<!-- 静态工厂注入 -->
<bean id="car05"  class="com.gec.bean.CarFactory" factory-method="createCar2"/>

四、当属性不是一个基本类型的值，而是一个对象时

package com.gec.bean;

public class Boss {
	private String name;
	private Car car;
	
	
	public Boss() {
		super();
	}
	public Boss(String name, Car car) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.car = car;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Boss [name=" + name + ", car=" + car + "]";
	}
	
}

在xml文件中使用如下配置

<bean id="boss"  class="com.gec.bean.Boss">
	<property name="name"><value>老王</value></property>
	<property name="car"><ref bean="car"></ref></property>
</bean>

五、当注入的对象是集合时

package com.gec.bean;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class Person {
	private List<String> favorites;
	private Set<House> house;
	private Map<String,String> jobs;

	public List<String> getFavorites() {
		return favorites;
	}

	public void setFavorites(List<String> favorites) {
		this.favorites = favorites;
	}

	public Set<House> getHouse() {
		return house;
	}

	public void setHouse(Set<House> house) {
		this.house = house;
	}

	public Map<String, String> getJobs() {
		return jobs;
	}

	public void setJobs(Map<String, String> jobs) {
		this.jobs = jobs;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [favorites=" + favorites + ", house=" + house + ", jobs=" + jobs + "]";
	}

在xml文件中如下配置

<!--  注入集合-->
<bean id="person" class="com.gec.bean.Person">
	<property name="favorites">
		<list>
			<value>高尔夫</value>
			<value>游泳</value>
			<value>钱</value>
		</list>
	</property>
	<property name="house">
		<set>
			<bean class="com.gec.bean.House"></bean>
			<bean class="com.gec.bean.House"></bean>
			<bean class="com.gec.bean.House"></bean>
		</set>
	</property>
	<!-- 注入map集合，注意entry标签 -->
	<property name="jobs">
		<map>
			<entry>
				<key><value>AM</value></key>
				<value>开会</value>
				
			</entry>
			<entry>
					<key><value>PM</value></key>
				<value>开会</value>
			</entry>
		</map>
	</property>
</bean>