c++标准容器基础之map
map实际上在数学概念上是一个映射,在文本统计等方面十分有用。map被定义为一对数值,其中的key通常是个字符串,扮演索引的角色,另一个数值是value,扮演着数学中的key到value的映射
使用map
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
map<string, int>words; //创建string到int的map类型的对象words,key为string类型,value为int类型
string words_string;
while (cin >> words_string&&words_string!="#") //输入map中的string,以#结束
words[words_string]++; //统计对应words_string出现的次数
map<string, int>::iterator it = words.begin(); //获得map型的泛型指针it,并指向words的首元素,注意限定符
for (; it != words.end(); ++it) //将words的key与value依次输出
cout << "key: " << it->first << " value: " << it->second << endl;
return 0;
}
map 常用函数
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
void map_lianxi()
{
map<char, int> mp1; //建立一个字符到整型的map对象mp1
mp1['b'] = 30;
mp1['a'] = 30;
mp1['c'] = 50;
mp1['d'] = 60;
mp1['e'] = 40;
mp1['a'] =20; //30被20覆盖,key唯一
cout << mp1['a'] << endl; //通过键值访问,输出20
map<char, int>::iterator it = mp1.begin(); //通过迭代器访问,且按键值从小到大输出
for (; it != mp1.end(); it++)
cout << it->first << " " << it->second << endl;
it = mp1.find('c'); //find(key)返回指向key的迭代器
cout << it->first << " " << it->second << endl;
mp1.erase(it); //erase(it)删除it指向的元素
for (it=mp1.begin(); it != mp1.end(); it++)
cout << it->first << " " << it->second << endl;
mp1.erase('f'); //erase(key)欲删除关键字为key的元素,若无该关键字则不进行操作
for (it = mp1.begin(); it != mp1.end(); it++)
cout << it->first << " " << it->second << endl;
mp1.erase(mp1.find('d'), mp1.end()); //mp1.erase(first,last)表示删除迭代器区间为[first,last)的元素
for (it = mp1.begin(); it != mp1.end(); it++)
cout << it->first << " " << it->second << endl;
cout << mp1.size() << endl; //size()返回元素的个数(对数)
mp1.clear(); //clear()清空map中所有元素
cout << mp1.size() << endl;
}