虚拟继承

虚拟继承是在多重继承下引入的一个解决由于多重继承中继承相同成员函数时带来编译器编译时不知道具体调用哪个函数的问题。

 

例如下面的例子：

 

#include <iostream > 
using  namespace  std; 
 
class  Vehicle 
{ 
    public : 
        Vehicle(int  weight =  0) 
        { 
            Vehicle::weight =  weight; 
        } 
        void  SetWeight(int  weight) 
        { 
            cout <<"重新设置重量"<<endl; 
            Vehicle::weight =  weight; 
        } 
        virtual  void  ShowMe() =  0; 
    protected : 
        int  weight; 
}; 
class  Car:public  Vehicle//汽车 
{ 
    public : 
        Car(int  weight=0,int  aird=0):Vehicle(weight) 
        { 
            Car::aird =  aird; 
        } 
        void  ShowMe() 
        { 
            cout <<"我是汽车！"<<endl; 
        } 
    protected : 
        int  aird; 
}; 
 
class  Boat:public  Vehicle//船 
{ 
    public : 
        Boat(int  weight=0,float  tonnage=0):Vehicle(weight) 
        { 
            Boat::tonnage =  tonnage; 
        } 
        void  ShowMe() 
        { 
            cout <<"我是船！"<<endl; 
        } 
    protected : 
        float  tonnage; 
}; 
 
class  AmphibianCar:public  Car,public  Boat//水陆两用汽车,多重继承的体现 
{ 
    public : 
        AmphibianCar(int  weight,int  aird,float  tonnage) 
        :Vehicle(weight),Car(weight,aird),Boat(weight,tonnage) 
        //多重继承要注意调用基类构造函数 
        { 
         
        } 
        void  ShowMe() 
        { 
            cout <<"我是水陆两用汽车！"<<endl; 
        } 
}; 
int  main () 
{ 
    AmphibianCar a(4,200,1.35f);//错误，不能确定基类个构造函数 
    a.SetWeight(3);//错误，不知道调用哪个基类的SetWeight 
    system("pause");  
}

 

采用虚拟继承时，当系统碰到多重继承的时候就会自动先加入一个Vehicle的拷贝，当再次请求一个Vehicle的拷贝的时候就会被忽略，保证继承类成员函数的唯一性。如下所示：

#include <iostream > 
using  namespace  std; 
 
class  Vehicle 
{ 
    public : 
        Vehicle(int  weight =  0) 
        { 
            Vehicle::weight =  weight; 
            cout <<"载入Vehicle类构造函数"<<endl; 
        } 
        void  SetWeight(int  weight) 
        { 
            cout <<"重新设置重量"<<endl; 
            Vehicle::weight =  weight; 
        } 
        virtual  void  ShowMe() =  0; 
    protected : 
        int  weight; 
}; 
class  Car:virtual  public  Vehicle//汽车，这里是虚拟继承 
{ 
    public : 
        Car(int  weight=0,int  aird=0):Vehicle(weight) 
        { 
            Car::aird =  aird; 
            cout <<"载入Car类构造函数"<<endl; 
        } 
        void  ShowMe() 
        { 
            cout <<"我是汽车！"<<endl; 
        } 
    protected : 
        int  aird; 
}; 
 
class  Boat:virtual  public  Vehicle//船,这里是虚拟继承 
{ 
    public : 
        Boat(int  weight=0,float  tonnage=0):Vehicle(weight) 
        { 
            Boat::tonnage =  tonnage; 
            cout <<"载入Boat类构造函数"<<endl; 
        } 
        void  ShowMe() 
        { 
            cout <<"我是船！"<<endl; 
        } 
    protected : 
        float  tonnage; 
}; 
 
class  AmphibianCar:public  Car,public  Boat//水陆两用汽车,多重继承的体现 
{ 
    public : 
        AmphibianCar(int  weight,int  aird,float  tonnage) 
        :Vehicle(weight),Car(weight,aird),Boat(weight,tonnage) 
        //多重继承要注意调用基类构造函数 
        { 
            cout <<"载入AmphibianCar类构造函数"<<endl; 
        } 
        void  ShowMe() 
        { 
            cout <<"我是水陆两用汽车！"<<endl; 
        } 
        void  ShowMembers() 
        { 
            cout <<" 重量："<<weight<<"顿，"<<"空气排 量："<<aird<<"CC，"<<"排水量："<<tonnage<<" 顿"<<endl; 
        } 
}; 
int  main () 
{ 
    AmphibianCar a(4,200,1.35f); 
    a.ShowMe(); 
    a.ShowMembers(); 
    a.SetWeight(3); 
    a.ShowMembers(); 
    system("pause");  
}

 

代码资料来自：www.cndev-lab.com，作者： 管宁