流(IO管道):
1、inputStream OutputStream(读取单位:字节byte); Reader Writer(读取单位:字符char)
2、字符流:凡是以Reader、writer结尾的如fileReader,都为字符流(16位),可避免中文乱码
字节流:凡是以inputStream、outputStream结尾的都是字节流(8位),如:FileInputStream
3、FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream()表示建立管道
in.read()表示读取文件
以上为节点流下面为处理流
4、处理流(也分为字符流(如BufferedReader)和字节流(如BufferInputStream))
处理流是套接在其它流上的流
a.缓冲流:BufferWriter、BufferInputStream等
例如:BufferInputStream bin = new BufferInputStream(in)//建立套接在其它流上的流
b.转换流:将字节流转化为字符流;InputStreamReader、OutputStreamWriter等
例如:OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("c:/ex.txt",true));
BufferWriter bw = new BufferWriter(osw);
c.数据流:DataInputStream继承自InputStream,套接在InputStream型的节点流上,out的同in
例如:ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream ();//内存中建立一个数组,然后建立一个流连接到其上
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(baos);
dos.writeDouble(Math.random());
d.打印流:PrintWriter(字符)、 PrinterStream(字节);如System.out就是PrinterStream类型;此流不会抛异常;自动flush;
例如:System.setOut(new PrinterStream(new FileOutputStream("C:/log.dat")) );
System.out.println("daying...")//会打印到C:/log.dat这个文件,而不是控制台
e.object流:ObjectOutputStream、transient(transient int a =0;//表示序列化时不考虑此属性);将object转化为字节流为序列化serializable,继承自serializable的类表示可以序列化的类;
例如:ObjectOutputStreamoos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream());
oos.writeObject(obj);oos.flush();oos.close();
5、BufferWriter提供了newLine()写入一个行分隔符,write()可以写字符串;
BufferReader提供了readLine()赌气一行字符串(以\r或\n分隔)
6、ex:
//写入文件
// String tempFile = "WebRoot\\pages\\dbdata\\download\\ex.exp";
String tempFile = webPath + "\\webapps\\pages\\dbdata\\download\\ex.exp";
File file = new File(tempFile);
String fileName = "";
// String filePath = "WebRoot\\pages\\dbdata\\download\\" ;
String filePath = webPath + "\\webapps\\pages\\dbdata\\download\\" ;
FileUtil fu = new FileUtil();
System.out.println("文件路径(服务器):"+filePath);
if (sfileName==null ||sfileName.trim().length()<1){
fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".exp";
try {
if (!file.getParentFile().exists())file.getParentFile().mkdirs();
String outFile = filePath + fileName;
OutputStreamWriter write = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(new File(outFile)),"UTF-8");
BufferedWriter bw =new BufferedWriter(write);
bw.write(" <tables> "+xmlfile.toString());
bw.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}else{
fileName = sfileName;
try {
OutputStreamWriter write = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filePath + fileName,true),"UTF-8");
BufferedWriter bw =new BufferedWriter(write);
bw.write(xmlfile.toString());
bw.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
7、解决乱码
最近在做HTML静态生成,需要从硬盘上把模版文件的内容读出来。然后,替换相关标签写到指定的文件中。无论是读写,都遇到了中文乱码问题。试过多种方法,发现下面一种可以避免中文乱码。(无论读取还是写入一定要进行编码转换。)
1、JAVA读取文件,避免中文乱码。
/**
*读取文件内容
*
* @param filePathAndName
*String如 c:\\1.txt绝对路径
* @return boolean
*/
public static String readFile(String filePathAndName) {
String fileContent = "";
try {
File f = new File(filePathAndName);
if(f.isFile()&&f.exists()){
InputStreamReader read = new InputStreamReader(newFileInputStream(f),"UTF-8");
BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(read);
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
fileContent += line;
}
read.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("读取文件内容操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return fileContent;
}
2、JAVA写入文件,避免中文乱码。
public static void writeFile(String filePathAndName,String fileContent) {
try {
File f = new File(filePathAndName);
if (!f.exists()) {
f.createNewFile();
}
OutputStreamWriter write = new OutputStreamWriter(newFileOutputStream(f),"UTF-8");
BufferedWriter writer=new BufferedWriter(write);
//PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(newFileWriter(filePathAndName)));
//PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(newFileWriter(filePathAndName));
writer.write(fileContent);
writer.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("写文件内容操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}