CountDownLatch

1.CountDownLatch是什么？

      CountDownLatch是可以用来协调多个线程之间的同步，或者说起到线程之间的通信作用的工具类。它能够使一个线程在等待另外一些线程完成各自工作之后，再继续执行。使用一个计数器进行实现。计数器初始值为线程的数量。当每一个线程完成自己任务后，计数器的值就会减一。当计数器的值为0时，表示所有的线程都已经完成了任务，然后在CountDownLatch上等待的线程就可以恢复执行任务。

      jdk1.5开始concurrent包里提供的，并发编程工具类。CountDownLatch这个类能够使一个线程等待其他线程完成各自的工作后再执行。例如，应用程序的主线程希望在负责启动框架服务的线程已经启动所有的框架服务之后再执行。

2.CountDownLatch如何工作？

2.1构造函数：CountDownLatch(int count)//初始化count数目的同步计数器，只有当同步计数器为0，主线程才会向下执行
主要方法：

void await()//当前线程等待计数器为0 
boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)//与上面的方法不同，它加了一个时间限制。
void countDown()//计数器减1
long getCount()//获取计数器的值

 

2.2 CountDownLatch源码如下，内部有一个sync类

/*
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
 */

/*
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 */

package java.util.concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer;

/**
 * A synchronization aid that allows one or more threads to wait until
 * a set of operations being performed in other threads completes.
 *
 * <p>A {@code CountDownLatch} is initialized with a given <em>count</em>.
 * The {@link #await await} methods block until the current count reaches
 * zero due to invocations of the {@link #countDown} method, after which
 * all waiting threads are released and any subsequent invocations of
 * {@link #await await} return immediately.  This is a one-shot phenomenon
 * -- the count cannot be reset.  If you need a version that resets the
 * count, consider using a {@link CyclicBarrier}.
 *
 * <p>A {@code CountDownLatch} is a versatile synchronization tool
 * and can be used for a number of purposes.  A
 * {@code CountDownLatch} initialized with a count of one serves as a
 * simple on/off latch, or gate: all threads invoking {@link #await await}
 * wait at the gate until it is opened by a thread invoking {@link
 * #countDown}.  A {@code CountDownLatch} initialized to <em>N</em>
 * can be used to make one thread wait until <em>N</em> threads have
 * completed some action, or some action has been completed N times.
 *
 * <p>A useful property of a {@code CountDownLatch} is that it
 * doesn't require that threads calling {@code countDown} wait for
 * the count to reach zero before proceeding, it simply prevents any
 * thread from proceeding past an {@link #await await} until all
 * threads could pass.
 *
 * <p><b>Sample usage:</b> Here is a pair of classes in which a group
 * of worker threads use two countdown latches:
 * <ul>
 * <li>The first is a start signal that prevents any worker from proceeding
 * until the driver is ready for them to proceed;
 * <li>The second is a completion signal that allows the driver to wait
 * until all workers have completed.
 * </ul>
 *
 *  <pre> {@code
 * class Driver { // ...
 *   void main() throws InterruptedException {
 *     CountDownLatch startSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
 *     CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(N);
 *
 *     for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) // create and start threads
 *       new Thread(new Worker(startSignal, doneSignal)).start();
 *
 *     doSomethingElse();            // don't let run yet
 *     startSignal.countDown();      // let all threads proceed
 *     doSomethingElse();
 *     doneSignal.await();           // wait for all to finish
 *   }
 * }
 *
 * class Worker implements Runnable {
 *   private final CountDownLatch startSignal;
 *   private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;
 *   Worker(CountDownLatch startSignal, CountDownLatch doneSignal) {
 *     this.startSignal = startSignal;
 *     this.doneSignal = doneSignal;
 *   }
 *   public void run() {
 *     try {
 *       startSignal.await();
 *       doWork();
 *       doneSignal.countDown();
 *     } catch (InterruptedException ex) {} // return;
 *   }
 *
 *   void doWork() { ... }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * <p>Another typical usage would be to divide a problem into N parts,
 * describe each part with a Runnable that executes that portion and
 * counts down on the latch, and queue all the Runnables to an
 * Executor.  When all sub-parts are complete, the coordinating thread
 * will be able to pass through await. (When threads must repeatedly
 * count down in this way, instead use a {@link CyclicBarrier}.)
 *
 *  <pre> {@code
 * class Driver2 { // ...
 *   void main() throws InterruptedException {
 *     CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(N);
 *     Executor e = ...
 *
 *     for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) // create and start threads
 *       e.execute(new WorkerRunnable(doneSignal, i));
 *
 *     doneSignal.await();           // wait for all to finish
 *   }
 * }
 *
 * class WorkerRunnable implements Runnable {
 *   private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;
 *   private final int i;
 *   WorkerRunnable(CountDownLatch doneSignal, int i) {
 *     this.doneSignal = doneSignal;
 *     this.i = i;
 *   }
 *   public void run() {
 *     try {
 *       doWork(i);
 *       doneSignal.countDown();
 *     } catch (InterruptedException ex) {} // return;
 *   }
 *
 *   void doWork() { ... }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * <p>Memory consistency effects: Until the count reaches
 * zero, actions in a thread prior to calling
 * {@code countDown()}
 * <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happen-before</i></a>
 * actions following a successful return from a corresponding
 * {@code await()} in another thread.
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
public class CountDownLatch {
    /**
     * Synchronization control For CountDownLatch.
     * Uses AQS state to represent count.
     */
    private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 4982264981922014374L;

        Sync(int count) {
            setState(count);
        }

        int getCount() {
            return getState();
        }

        protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
            return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
        }

        protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
            // Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
            for (;;) {
                int c = getState();
                if (c == 0)
                    return false;
                int nextc = c-1;
                if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
                    return nextc == 0;
            }
        }
    }

    private final Sync sync;

    /**
     * Constructs a {@code CountDownLatch} initialized with the given count.
     *
     * @param count the number of times {@link #countDown} must be invoked
     *        before threads can pass through {@link #await}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} is negative
     */
    public CountDownLatch(int count) {
        if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
        this.sync = new Sync(count);
    }

    /**
     * Causes the current thread to wait until the latch has counted down to
     * zero, unless the thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
     *
     * <p>If the current count is zero then this method returns immediately.
     *
     * <p>If the current count is greater than zero then the current
     * thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies
     * dormant until one of two things happen:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The count reaches zero due to invocations of the
     * {@link #countDown} method; or
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>If the current thread:
     * <ul>
     * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
     * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting,
     * </ul>
     * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
     * interrupted status is cleared.
     *
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     *         while waiting
     */
    public void await() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
    }

    /**
     * Causes the current thread to wait until the latch has counted down to
     * zero, unless the thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted},
     * or the specified waiting time elapses.
     *
     * <p>If the current count is zero then this method returns immediately
     * with the value {@code true}.
     *
     * <p>If the current count is greater than zero then the current
     * thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies
     * dormant until one of three things happen:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The count reaches zero due to invocations of the
     * {@link #countDown} method; or
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     * <li>The specified waiting time elapses.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>If the count reaches zero then the method returns with the
     * value {@code true}.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread:
     * <ul>
     * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
     * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting,
     * </ul>
     * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
     * interrupted status is cleared.
     *
     * <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then the value {@code false}
     * is returned.  If the time is less than or equal to zero, the method
     * will not wait at all.
     *
     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait
     * @param unit the time unit of the {@code timeout} argument
     * @return {@code true} if the count reached zero and {@code false}
     *         if the waiting time elapsed before the count reached zero
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     *         while waiting
     */
    public boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {
        return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }

    /**
     * Decrements the count of the latch, releasing all waiting threads if
     * the count reaches zero.
     *
     * <p>If the current count is greater than zero then it is decremented.
     * If the new count is zero then all waiting threads are re-enabled for
     * thread scheduling purposes.
     *
     * <p>If the current count equals zero then nothing happens.
     */
    public void countDown() {
        sync.releaseShared(1);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current count.
     *
     * <p>This method is typically used for debugging and testing purposes.
     *
     * @return the current count
     */
    public long getCount() {
        return sync.getCount();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string identifying this latch, as well as its state.
     * The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "Count ="}
     * followed by the current count.
     *
     * @return a string identifying this latch, as well as its state
     */
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString() + "[Count = " + sync.getCount() + "]";
    }
}

 

CountDownLatch应用场景例子

比如对于运动会的跑步比赛，有10个运动员（10个不同的线程），比赛从裁判员（主线程）计时开始，运动员全部跑到终点，裁判员计时结束时，比赛才结束。就是N个线程执行操作，主线程等到N个子线程执行完毕之后，才会继续往下执行。

假设A运动员百米比赛10秒跑完，B运动员11秒跑完，C运动员15秒跑完

/**
 * A运动员百米赛跑 线程任务（10秒）
 */
public class SportsmanATask implements Runnable{

    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public SportsmanATask (CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10000);
            System.out.println("A运动员10秒跑完");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(null != countDownLatch) {
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * B运动员百米赛跑 线程任务（13秒）
 */
public class SportsmanBTask implements Runnable{

    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public SportsmanBTask (CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(13000);
            System.out.println("B运动员13秒跑完");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(null != countDownLatch) {
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * C运动员百米赛跑 线程任务（15秒）
 */
public class SportsmanCTask implements Runnable{

    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public SportsmanCTask (CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(15000);
            System.out.println("B运动员15秒跑完");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(null != countDownLatch) {
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            }
        }
    }
}

package com.thread.countDownLatch;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * 运动员A、B、C跑完比赛
 */
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);
        Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        executor.execute(new SportsmanATask(countDownLatch));
        executor.execute(new SportsmanBTask(countDownLatch));
        executor.execute(new SportsmanCTask(countDownLatch));
        countDownLatch.await();
        System.out.println("比赛结束，耗时:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-now));
    }
}

输出

注意：

CountDownLatch是一次性的，计数器的值只能在构造方法中初始化一次，之后没有任何机制再次对其设置值，当CountDownLatch使用完毕后，它不能再次被使用。

CountDownLatch典型用法1： 
某一线程在开始运行前等待n个线程执行完毕。 
将CountDownLatch的计数器初始化为n：new CountDownLatch(n) ，每当一个任务线程执行完毕，就将计数器减1， countdownlatch.countDown()，当计数器的值变为0时，在CountDownLatch上 await() 的线程就会被唤醒。一个典型应用场景就是启动一个服务时，主线程需要等待多个组件加载完毕，之后再继续执行。

CountDownLatch典型用法2： 
实现多个线程开始执行任务的最大并行性。注意是并行性，不是并发，强调的是多个线程在某一时刻同时开始执行。做法是初始化一个共享的CountDownLatch(1)，将其计数器初始化为1，多个线程在开始执行任务前首先 coundownlatch.await()，当主线程调用 countDown() 时，计数器变为0，多个线程同时被唤醒。
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/yuruixin_china/article/details/82084201

 

CyclicBarrier