MySql 高级查询【多表、排序、时间、自关联、行转列】

构造数据

#学生表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `Student`;
CREATE TABLE `Student`(
`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);

#课程表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `Course`;
CREATE TABLE `Course`(
`c_id` VARCHAR(20),
`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);

#教师表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `Teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
`t_id` VARCHAR(20),
`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);

#成绩表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `Score`;
CREATE TABLE `Score`(
`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
`c_id` VARCHAR(20),
`s_score` INT(3),
PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);

#插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');

#课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
 
#教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
 
#成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

 练习题

#查询学过编号为“01”的课程并且也学过编号为“02”的课程的学生的学号、姓名
SELECT s1.s_id FROM (SELECT s_score,s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '01') s1,
(SELECT s_score,s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '02') s2
WHERE s1.s_id = s2.s_id;

# 查询课程编号为“01”的课程比“02”的课程成绩高的所有学生的学号
SELECT s1.s_id FROM (SELECT s_score,s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '01') s1,
(SELECT s_score,s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '02') s2
WHERE s1.s_score > s2.s_score AND s1.s_id = s2.s_id;

# 查询平均成绩大于60分的学生的学号和平均成绩
SELECT s_id,AVG(s_score) FROM score
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING AVG(s_score) > 60;

#查询没学过“张三”老师课的学生的学号、姓名
SELECT s_id,s_name FROM student
WHERE s_id NOT IN (
SELECT s_id FROM score
WHERE c_id = (
	SELECT c_id FROM course
	JOIN teacher ON teacher.t_id = course.t_id
	WHERE teacher.t_name = '张三'
));

#查询学过“张三”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名
SELECT s_id,s_name FROM student
WHERE s_id IN (
SELECT s_id FROM score
WHERE c_id = (
	SELECT c_id FROM course
	JOIN teacher ON teacher.t_id = course.t_id
	WHERE teacher.t_name = '张三'
));

#查询所有课程成绩小于60分的学生的学号、姓名
SELECT s_id, s_name FROM student
WHERE s_id IN (
SELECT s_id FROM score
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING MAX(s_score) < 60);

#查询没有学全所有课的学生的学号、姓名
SELECT s_id,s_name FROM student
WHERE s_id NOT IN(
	SELECT s_id FROM score
	GROUP BY s_id
	HAVING COUNT(*) = (
		SELECT COUNT(*) FROM course
));

#查询至少有一门课与学号为“01”的学生所学课程相同的学生的学号和姓名
SELECT s_id,s_name FROM student
WHERE s_id IN (
SELECT s_id FROM score
WHERE c_id IN (
	SELECT c_id FROM score
	WHERE s_id = '01'
)GROUP BY s_id 
HAVING s_id <> '01');

#查询和“01”号同学所学课程完全相同的其他同学的学号
SELECT s_id FROM score
WHERE c_id IN (
	SELECT c_id FROM score
	WHERE s_id = '01'
)
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING COUNT(*) = (
	SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score
	WHERE s_id = '01'
) AND s_id <> '01';

#查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
SELECT s_name FROM student
WHERE s_id NOT IN (
SELECT s_id FROM score
WHERE c_id = (
	SELECT course.c_id FROM course
	JOIN teacher ON teacher.t_id = course.t_id
	WHERE t_name = '张三'
));

#查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
SELECT student.s_id,student.s_name,temp.avg_s FROM student
JOIN (
SELECT s_id, AVG(s_score) avg_s FROM score
WHERE s_score < 60
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1) temp ON temp.s_id = student.s_id;

# 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
SELECT * FROM student
WHERE s_id IN(
SELECT s_id FROM score
GROUP BY s_id 
HAVING COUNT(*) = (
	SELECT COUNT(*) FROM course
));

#查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
SELECT AVG(s_score) FROM score
GROUP BY c_id 
HAVING c_id IN(
	SELECT course.c_id FROM course
	JOIN teacher ON teacher.t_id = course.t_id
)
ORDER BY AVG(s_score) DESC;

#查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
SELECT s_id,s_name FROM student
WHERE s_id IN (
SELECT s_id FROM score
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING COUNT(c_id) = 2);

#查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
SELECT student.s_name,course.c_name,score.s_score FROM student
JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id
JOIN course ON course.c_id = score.c_id
WHERE student.s_id IN (
	SELECT s_id FROM score
	GROUP BY s_id
	HAVING MIN(s_score) > 70
);

#查询选修“张三”老师所授课程的学生中成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
SELECT student.s_name,temp.s_score FROM student
JOIN (
	SELECT s_id,s_score FROM score
	WHERE c_id = '01'
	ORDER BY s_score DESC 
	LIMIT 1
) temp ON temp.s_id = student.s_id;

#查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
SELECT s1.s_id,s1.c_id,s1.s_score FROM score s1
JOIN score s2 ON s1.s_id = s2.s_id
WHERE s1.c_id <> s2.c_id AND s1.s_score = s2.s_score
GROUP BY s1.s_id,s1.c_id;

#查询各学生的年龄
SELECT *,YEAR(CURDATE()) -YEAR(s_birth) age FROM student;

#本月过生日
SELECT * FROM student
where MONTH(s_birth)=MONTH(CURDATE());

#查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分
SELECT c_id,MAX(s_score),MIN(s_score),AVG(s_score) FROM score
GROUP BY c_id;

#按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名
#row_number 不重复123, rank 存在相同排名重复113, dense_rank 相同排名重复 112 
SELECT *,DENSE_RANK()over(PARTITION by c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) rk_score 
FROM score;

#查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名s_id(考虑并列情况)
--方式一：自关联
SELECT s1.* FROM score s1
WHERE 2 > (
	SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s2
	WHERE s1.c_id = s2.c_id
	AND s1.s_score < s2.s_score
)
ORDER BY c_id,s_score DESC

--方式二：
SELECT * FROM(
	SELECT *,DENSE_RANK() over(PARTITION by c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) rk_score
	FROM score) temp
WHERE rk_score IN (1,2);

#查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩
select c_id,s_id,s_score from (select c_id,s_id, s_score, 
    dense_rank() over(partition by c_id order by s_score desc) rank_cid
from score) temp
where rank_cid in (2,3);

#查询各科成绩前三名的分数（不考虑成绩并列情况）
-- 行专列
SELECT c_id, SUM(if(rk_score=1,s_score,0)) '第1名',
SUM(if(rk_score=2,s_score,0)) '第2名',
SUM(if(rk_score=3,s_score,0)) '第3名'
FROM (SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER()over(PARTITION by c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) rk_score
    FROM score) temp
WHERE temp.rk_score IN(1,2,3)
GROUP BY c_id;