SpringBoot 实现通用导出excel文件案例

核心的思路：

       ① 从不确定的类的集合list 中，取出里面的类，采用反射技术，取出类的属性名， 做第一行表格行标题名称拼接。

      ②拼接内容，由于类不确定，则采取反射把类全部字段属性作为key映射至map，同时把值放入value，最后，拼接内容的时候只需要map进行数据拼接即可。

1.依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
    <version>3.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
    <version>3.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.69</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    <version>2.5</version>
</dependency>

2. 核心的工具类：CsvFileUtil.java

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.*;
 
/**
 * @author splendor.s
 * @date 2023/03/09 14:12 周日
 */
@Slf4j
public class CsvFileUtil {
    public static final String FILE_SUFFIX = ".csv";
    public static final String CSV_DELIMITER = ",";
    public static final String CSV_TAIL = "\r\n";
    protected static final String DATE_STR_FILE_NAME = "yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS";
 
    /**
     * 将字符串转成csv文件
     */
    public static void createCsvFile(String savePath, String contextStr) throws IOException {
 
        File file = new File(savePath);
        //创建文件
        file.createNewFile();
        //创建文件输出流
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
        //将指定字节写入此文件输出流
        fileOutputStream.write(contextStr.getBytes("gbk"));
        fileOutputStream.flush();
        fileOutputStream.close();
    }
 
    /**
     * 写文件
     *
     * @param fileName
     * @param content
     */
    public static void writeFile(String fileName, String content) {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        OutputStreamWriter writer = null;
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName, true);
            writer = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "GBK");
            writer.write(content);
            writer.flush();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("写文件异常|{}", e);
        } finally {
            if (fos != null) {
                IOUtils.closeQuietly(fos);
            }
            if (writer != null) {
                IOUtils.closeQuietly(writer);
            }
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 构建文件名称
     * @param dataList
     * @return
     */
    public static String buildCsvFileFileName(List dataList) {
        return dataList.get(0).getClass().getSimpleName() + new SimpleDateFormat(DATE_STR_FILE_NAME).format(new Date()) + FILE_SUFFIX;
    }
 
    /**
     * 构建excel 标题行名
     * @param dataList
     * @return
     */
    public static String buildCsvFileTableNames(List dataList) {
        Map<String, Object> map = toMap(dataList.get(0));
        StringBuilder tableNames = new StringBuilder();
        for (String key : map.keySet()) {
            tableNames.append(key).append(MyCsvFileUtil.CSV_DELIMITER);
        }
        return tableNames.append(MyCsvFileUtil.CSV_TAIL).toString();
    }
 
    /**
     * 构建excel内容
     * @param dataLists
     * @return
     */
    public static String buildCsvFileBodyMap(List dataLists) {
        //通过反射转成Map
        List<Map<String, Object>> mapList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Object o : dataLists) {
            mapList.add(toMap(o));
        }
        //然后利用csv格式，遍历map并拼接数据
        StringBuilder lineBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        for (Map<String, Object> rowData : mapList) {
            for (String key : rowData.keySet()) {
                Object value = rowData.get(key);
                if (Objects.nonNull(value)) {
                    lineBuilder.append(value).append(CsvFileUtil.CSV_DELIMITER);
                } else {
                    lineBuilder.append("--").append(CsvFileUtil.CSV_DELIMITER);
                }
            }
            lineBuilder.append(CsvFileUtil.CSV_TAIL);
        }
        return lineBuilder.toString();
    }
 
    /**
     * 类转map
     * @param entity
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static<T> Map<String, Object> toMap(T entity){
        Class<? extends Object> bean = entity.getClass();
        Field[] fields = bean.getDeclaredFields();
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(fields.length);
        for(Field field:fields){
            try {
                if(!"serialVersionUID".equals(field.getName())){
                    String methodName = "get"+field.getName().substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+field.getName().substring(1);
                    Method method = bean.getDeclaredMethod(methodName);
                    Object fieldValue = method.invoke(entity);
                    map.put(field.getName(),fieldValue);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.warn("toMap() Exception={}",e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return map;
    }
}

测试代码：

@RequestMapping("/createCsvFileJcTest")
public void createCsvFileJcTest() {
    //类不确定 随便怎么传都行
    List<District> districts = districtService.queryByParentCodes(Arrays.asList("110100"));
    //存放地址&文件名
    String fileName = "D:\\mycsv\\"+CsvFileUtil.buildCsvFileFileName(districts);
    //创建表格行标题
    String tableNames = CsvFileUtil.buildCsvFileTableNames(districts);
    //创建文件
    CsvFileUtil.writeFile(fileName, tableNames);
    //写入数据
    String contentBody = CsvFileUtil.buildCsvFileBodyMap(districts);
    //调用方法生成
    CsvFileUtil.writeFile(fileName, contentBody);
}

扩展：

       文件中导出的表头是属性名，如果正式的导出通常需要自定义表头名称，这里可以使用自定义注解来处理。

JcExcelName.java

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface JcExcelName {
 
    String name() default "";
 
}

然后在想导出的类的属性上加上@JcExcelName，否则会默认取属性名做表格头：

例如：@JcExcelName(name="用户名称")

增加一个新的反射解析拿字段属性注解值函数：

public static <T> List<String> resolveExcelTableName(T entity) {
    List<String> tableNamesList = new ArrayList<>();
    Class<? extends Object> bean = entity.getClass();
    Field[] fields = bean.getDeclaredFields();
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(fields.length);
    for (Field field : fields) {
        try {
            if (!"serialVersionUID".equals(field.getName())) {
                String tableTitleName = field.getName();
                JcExcelName myFieldAnn = field.getAnnotation(JcExcelName.class);
                String annName = myFieldAnn.name();
                if (StringUtils.hasLength(annName)) {
                    tableTitleName = annName;
                }
                tableNamesList.add(tableTitleName);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn("toMap() Exception={}", e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    return tableNamesList;
}

然后根据解析出来的注解值列名拼接 表格标题名格式：

public static String buildCsvFileTableNamesNew(List<String> dataList) {
    StringBuilder tableNames = new StringBuilder();
    for (String name : dataList) {
        tableNames.append(name).append(MyCsvFileUtil.CSV_DELIMITER);
    }
    return tableNames.append(MyCsvFileUtil.CSV_TAIL).toString();
}

测试案例：

public static void main(String[] args) {
    User user = new User();
    List<String> nameList = MapUtils.resolveExcelTableName(user);
    System.out.println(nameList.toString());
    String tableNames = buildCsvFileTableNamesNew(nameList);
    System.out.println(tableNames);

}