一、认识unittest
1.认识单元测试
class Calculator:
def __init__(self, a, b):
self.a = a
self.b = b
def add(self):
return self.a + self.b
def sub(self):
return self.a - self.b
def mul(self):
return self.a * self.b
def div(self):
return self.a / self.b
import unittest
from calculator import Calculator
# 创建一个测试类必须要继承unittest模块的TestCase类
class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
# 创建一个测试方法必须以test开头
def test_add(self):
c = Calculator(3, 5)
result = c.add()
self.assertEqual(result, 8)
def test_sub(self):
c = Calculator(3, 5)
result = c.sub()
self.assertEqual(result, -2)
def test_mul(self):
c = Calculator(3, 5)
result = c.mul()
self.assertEqual(result, 10)
def test_div(self):
c = Calculator(10, 5)
result = c.div()
self.assertEqual(result, 2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
2.重要概念
2.1 Test Case
是最小的测试单元,用于检查特定输入集合的特定返回值。unittest提供了TestCase基类。
2.2 Test Suite
测试套件是测试用例、测试套件或两者的集合,用于组装一组要运行的测试。unittest提供了TestSuite类来创建测试套件。
2.3 Test Runner
是一个组件,用于协调测试的执行并向用户提供结果。unittest提供了TextTestRunner类运行测试用例。
2.4 Test Fixture
代表执行一个或多个测试所需的环境设备,以及关联的清理动作。
import unittest
from calculator import Calculator
# 创建一个测试类必须要继承unittest模块的TestCase类
class TestCalculator(unittest.TestCase):
# 测试用例的前置动作
def setUp(self):
print("test start:")
# 测试用例的后置动作
def tearDown(self):
print("test end")
# 创建一个测试方法必须以test开头
def test_add(self):
c = Calculator(3, 5)
result = c.add()
self.assertEqual(result, 8)
def test_sub(self):
c = Calculator(3, 5)
result = c.sub()
self.assertEqual(result, -2)
def test_mul(self):
c = Calculator(3, 5)
result = c.mul()
self.assertEqual(result, 10)
def test_div(self):
c = Calculator(10, 5)
result = c.div()
self.assertEqual(result, 2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 创建测试套件
suit = unittest.TestSuite()
suit.addTest(TestCalculator("test_add"))
suit.addTest(TestCalculator("test_sub"))
suit.addTest(TestCalculator("test_mul"))
suit.addTest(TestCalculator("test_div"))
# 创建测试运行程序
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
runner.run(suit)
3.断言方法
import unittest
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_equal(self):
self.assertEqual(2+2, 4)
self.assertEqual("python", "python")
self.assertNotEqual("hello", "love")
def test_in(self):
self.assertIn("hello", "hello world")
self.assertNotIn("hi", "hello")
def test_true(self):
self.assertTrue(True)
self.assertFalse(False)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
4.测试用例的组织与discover方法
class LeapYear:
def __init__(self, year):
self.year = year
def answer(self):
year = self.year
if year % 100 == 0:
if year % 400 == 0:
return "{0}是闰年".format(year)
else:
return "{0}不是闰年".format(year)
else:
if year % 4 == 0:
return "{0}是闰年".format(year)
else:
return "{0}不是闰年".format(year)
import unittest
from leapyear import LeapYear
class TestLeapYear(unittest.TestCase):
def test_2000(self):
ly = LeapYear(2000)
self.assertEqual(ly.answer(), "2000是闰年")
def test_2001(self):
ly = LeapYear(2001)
self.assertEqual(ly.answer(), "2001是闰年")
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
import unittest
# 定义测试用例的目录为当前目录中的test_case目录
test_dir = './test_case'
suits = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern='test*.py')
if __name__ == "__main__":
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
runner.run(suits)
二、关于unittest
1. 测试用例的执行顺序
unittest默认根据ASCII码的顺序加载测试用例(0~9,A~Z,a~z),可以通过使用套件来控制。
2.执行多级目录的测试用例
discover()方法只能加载写在方法里的目录的用例,可以通过给每个子目录下放一个__init__.py文件将一个子目录标记成一个标准的Python模块。
3.跳过测试和预期失败
import unittest
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
@unittest.skip("直接跳过测试")
def test_skip(self):
print("aaa")
@unittest.skipIf(3 > 2, "当条件为真时跳过测试")
def test_skip_if(self):
print("bbb")
@unittest.skipUnless(3 > 2, "当条件为真时执行测试")
def test_skip_unless(self):
print("ccc")
# 不管执行结果如何都会标记失败,但不会抛出失败信息
@unittest.expectedFailure
def test_expect_failure(self):
self.assertEqual(2, 3)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
4.Fixture
即setUp/tearDown,还有测试类和模块的Fixture
import unittest
def setUpModule():
print("test Module start >>>>>")
def tearDownModule():
print("test module end >>>>>")
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
print("test class start >>>>>")
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
print("test class end >>>>>")
def setUp(self):
print("test case start >>>>>")
def tearDown(self):
print("test case end >>>>>")
def test_case1(self):
print("case1")
def test_case2(self):
print("case2")
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
三、编写Web自动化测试
import unittest
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):
# 可以避免多次打开浏览器
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
cls.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
cls.base_url = "https://www.baidu.com"
# 不是用例不会执行
def baidu_search(self, search_key):
self.driver.get(self.base_url)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(search_key)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
sleep(2)
def test_search_key_selenium(self):
search_key = "selenium"
self.baidu_search(search_key)
self.assertEqual(self.driver.title, search_key+"_百度搜索")
def test_search_unittest(self):
search_key = "unittest"
self.baidu_search(search_key)
self.assertEqual(self.driver.title, search_key+"_百度搜索")
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
cls.driver.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
四、unittest扩展
1.HTML测试报告
1.1 安装HTMLTestRunner
可直接下载下来放在python38的Lib目录下
修改:
将import StringIO修改成import io
将self.outputBuffer = StringIO.StringIO()修改成self.outputBuffer = io.StringIO()
将print >> sys.stderr, ‘\nTime Elapsed: %s’ % (self.stopTime-self.startTime)
修改成print(sys.stderr, ‘\nTime Elapsed: %s’ % (self.stopTime-self.startTime))
将if not rmap.has_key(cls):修改成if not cls in rmap:
将uo = o.decode(‘latin-1’)修改成uo = e
将ue = e.decode(‘latin-1’)修改成ue = e
1.2 生成HTML测试报告
import unittest
from TestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
import time
# 定义测试用例的目录为当前目录中的test_case目录
test_dir = './test_case'
suits = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern='test*.py')
if __name__ == "__main__":
now_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
fp = open('./test_report/'+ now_time + 'result.html', 'wb')
runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title="百度搜索测试报告", description="运行环境:Windows 10, Chrome浏览器")
runner.run(suits)
fp.close()
并在每个类和方法下main添加对应的注释。
2.数据驱动应用
2.1 数据驱动
baidu_data.csv
name,search_key
case1,selenium
case2,unittest
case3,parameterized
import csv
import codecs
import unittest
from time import sleep
from itertools import islice
from selenium import webdriver
class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
cls.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
cls.base_url = "http://www.baidu.com"
cls.test_data = []
with codecs.open('baidu_data.csv', 'r', 'utf_8_sig') as f:
data = csv.reader(f)
for line in islice(data, 1, None):
cls.test_data.append(line)
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
cls.driver.quit()
def baidu_search(self, search_key):
self.driver.get(self.base_url)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(search_key)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
sleep(3)
def test_search_selenium(self):
self.baidu_search(self.test_data[0][1])
def test_search_unittest(self):
self.baidu_search(self.test_data[1][1])
def test_search_parameterized(self):
self.baidu_search(self.test_data[2][1])
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main(verbosity=2)
2.2 Parameterized(Python的一个参数化库)
import unittest
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from parameterized import parameterized
class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
cls.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
cls.base_url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
def baidu_search(self, search_key):
self.driver.get(self.base_url)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(search_key)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
sleep(2)
# 通过Parameterized实现参数化
# @parameterized.expand()中每个元组被认为是一条测试用例
@parameterized.expand([
("case1", "selenium"),
("case2", "unittest"),
("case3", "parameterized"),
])
def test_search(self, name, search_key):
self.baidu_search(search_key)
self.assertEqual(self.driver.title, search_key + "_百度搜索")
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
cls.driver.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main(verbosity=2)
2.3 DDT(允许使用不同的测试数据运行一个测试用例,并将其展示为多个测试用例)
import unittest
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from ddt import ddt, data, file_data, unpack
@ddt
class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
cls.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
cls.base_url = "http://www.baidu.com"
def baidu_search(self, search_key):
self.driver.get(self.base_url)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(search_key)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
sleep(2)
# 参数化方式一(列表)
@data(["case1", "selenium"], ["case2", "ddt"], ["case3", "python"])
@unpack
def test_search1(self, case, search_key):
print("第一组测试用例: ", case)
self.baidu_search(search_key)
self.assertEqual(self.driver.title, search_key + "_百度搜索")
# 参数化方式二(元组)
@data(("case1", "selenium"), ("case2", "ddt"), ("case3", "python"))
@unpack
def test_search2(self, case, search_key):
print("第二组测试用例: ", case)
self.baidu_search(search_key)
self.assertEqual(self.driver.title, search_key + "_百度搜索")
# 参数化方式三(字典),字典的key与测试方法的参数要保持一致
@data({"search_key": "selenium"}, {"search_key": "ddt"}, {"search_key": "python"})
@unpack
def test_search3(self, search_key):
print("第三组测试用例: ", search_key)
self.baidu_search(search_key)
self.assertEqual(self.driver.title, search_key + "_百度搜索")
# 参数化读取JSON文件
@file_data('ddt_data_file.json')
def test_search4(self, search_key):
print("第四组测试用例:", search_key)
self.baidu_search(search_key)
self.assertEqual(self.driver.title, search_key + "_百度搜索")
# 参数化读取yaml文件
@file_data('ddt_data_file.yaml')
def test_search5(self, case):
search_key = case[0]["search_key"]
print("第五组测试用例:", search_key)
self.baidu_search(search_key)
self.assertEqual(self.driver.title, search_key + "_百度搜索")
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
cls.driver.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main(verbosity=2)
ddt_data_file.json
{
"case1": {"search_key": "python"},
"case2": {"search_key": "ddt"},
"case3": {"search_key": "selenium"}
}
ddt_data_file.yaml
case1:
- search_key: "python"
case2:
- search_key: "ddt"
case3:
- search_key: "unittest"
3.自动发送邮件功能
3.1 Python自带的发送邮件功能
发送邮件正文:
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
# 发送邮件主题
subject = 'Python email test'
# 编写HTML类型的邮件正文,MIMEText()定义发送邮件正文、格式、编码
msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好</h1></html>', 'html', 'utf-8')
# Header()定义邮件的主题和编码类型
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
# 发送邮件
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
# connect()方法指定连接的邮箱服务
smtp.connect("smtp.qq.com")
# login()方法指定登录邮箱的账号和密码
smtp.login("1125868410@qq.com", "密码")
# sendmail()方法指定发件人、收件人、邮件正文
smtp.sendmail("1125868410@qq.com", "202108591@qq.com", msg.as_string())
# 关闭邮件服务器连接
smtp.quit()
发送带附件的邮件:
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
# 发送邮件主题
subject = 'Python email test'
# 发送的附件
with open('../log.txt', 'rb') as f:
send_att = f.read()
# 定义发送邮件的正文、格式、编码
att = MIMEText(send_att, 'text', 'utf-8')
# 指定附件内容类型
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
# 指定附件的文件名
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="log.txt"'
# 定义邮件主题
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = subject
# 指定附件信息
msg.attach(att)
# 发送邮件
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
# connect()方法指定连接的邮箱服务
smtp.connect("smtp.qq.com")
# login()方法指定登录邮箱的账号和密码
smtp.login("1125868410@qq.com", "密码")
# sendmail()方法指定发件人、收件人、邮件正文
smtp.sendmail("1125868410@qq.com", "202108591@qq.com", msg.as_string())
# 关闭邮件服务器连接
smtp.quit()
3.2 用yagmail发送邮件
import yagmail
# 连接邮箱服务器
yag = yagmail.SMTP(user="1125868410@qq.com", password="密码", host="smtp.qq.com")
# 邮件正文
contents = ['This is the body, and here is just text http://somedomain/image.png',
'You can find an audio file attached.']
# 发送邮件
yag.send('202108591@qq.com', 'subject', contents)
# 发送多人
yag.send(['receiver1', 'receiver2', '...'], 'subject', contents)
# 发送带附件的邮件
yag.send('202108591@qq.com', 'subject', contents, ['../log.txt'])
3.3 整合自动发邮件功能
import unittest
from TestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
import time
import yagmail
def send_mail(report):
yag = yagmail.SMTP(user="1125868410@qq.com", password="密码", host="smtp.qq.com")
subject = "主题, 自动化测试报告"
contents = "正文,请查看附件。"
yag.send('202108591@qq.com', subject, contents, report)
print('email has send out!')
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 定义测试用例的目录为当前目录中的test_case目录
test_dir = './test_case'
suits = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern='test*.py')
# 获取当前的日期和时间
now_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
html_report = './test_report/'+ now_time + 'result.html'
fp = open(html_report, 'wb')
# 调用HTMLTestRunner运行测试用例
runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title="百度搜索测试报告", description="运行环境:Windows 10, Chrome浏览器")
runner.run(suits)
fp.close()
# 发送报告
send_mail(html_report