接口测试——python requests库使用总结

1.安装

pip install requests

2.发送请求

# 导入requests模块
import requests

# 向指定网页发起get请求
response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com")
# 向指定网页发起post请求
response = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", data={'key': 'value'})
# 其他方法
response = requests.put("https://httpbin.org/put", data={'key': 'value'})
response = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')
response = requests.head('https://httpbin.org/get')
response = requests.options('https://httpbin.org/get')

print(response.text)

3.传递URL参数

# 导入requests模块
import requests

# 传递参数(可以传递字典，值为None不会被传递)
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': ['value3', 'value4'], 'key5': None}
response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
# 打印拼接后的url
print(response.url)
# https://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3&key3=value4

4.响应内容

# 导入requests模块
import requests

response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
# 读取响应内容(自动解码)
print(response.text)
# 改变解码方式
print(response.encoding)
response.encoding = 'ISO-8859-1'
print(response.encoding)
# 二进制响应内容
print(response.content)
# JSON响应内容
print(response.json())
# 原始响应内容
print(response.raw)

5.定制请求头

# 导入requests模块
import requests

url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
# 定制请求头
headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}

print(requests.get(url, headers=headers).text)

6.POST请求用法

# 导入requests模块
import json

import requests

url = 'https://httpbin.org/post'
# 发送为表单形式的数据
# 使用字典
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
print(requests.post(url, data=payload).text)
# 使用元组 多个元素使用用一个健值
payload = (('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2'))
print(requests.post(url, data=payload).text)
# 传递一个string参数
payload = {'some': 'data'}
# 使用json参数直接传递
print(requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)).text)
print(requests.post(url, json=payload).text)
# 传递一个Multiple-Encode的文件
files = {'file': open('test.xls', 'rb')}
print(requests.post(url, files=files).text)
# 发送作为文件来接收的字符串
files = {'file': ('report.csv', 'some,data,to,send\nanother,row,to,send\n')}
print(requests.post(url, files=files).text)

6.响应状态码

# 导入requests模块
import json

import requests

url = 'https://httpbin.org/get'
response = requests.get(url)
# 检测状态响应码
print(response.status_code)
# 状态码查询对象
print(response.status_code == requests.codes.ok)
# 请求错误抛出异常
bad_url = 'https://httpbin.org/status/404'
print(requests.get(bad_url).status_code)
print(requests.get(bad_url).raise_for_status())

7.响应头

# 导入requests模块
import json

import requests

url = 'https://httpbin.org/get'
response = requests.get(url)
# 查看响应头
print(response.headers)
# 查看具体字段
print(response.headers['Date'])
print(response.headers.get('Date'))

8.Cookie

# 导入requests模块
import requests

url = 'https://httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='test')

# 发送cookies到服务器
response = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
# 直接访问响应中的cookies（如果有）
print(response.cookies['key'])

9.Request重定向与请求历史

# 导入requests模块
import requests

url = 'http://github.com'
response = requests.get(url)
# Github将所有的HTTP请求重定向到HTTPS
print(response.url)
print(response.history)
# 禁用重定向(head除外)
response = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)
print(response.status_code)
print(response.history)
# 启用重定向（head）
response = requests.head(url, allow_redirects=True)
print(response.status_code)
print(response.history)

10.超时

# 导入requests模块
import requests

url = 'https//github.com'
# 设定超时参数
response = requests.get(url, timeout=0.001)
print(response.text)