ubuntu中安装最新版的nodejs

云服务器上的Ubuntu版本一般不是最新版，可是运行的程序往往需要较新，所以有必要在老版的Ubuntu上安装新版的软件，比如nodejs

官方提供了打包安装的方法

https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/

其中适用于ubuntu的在这里

https://github.com/nodesource/distributions/blob/master/README.md

最新的12版本

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

长期支持的10版本

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

这两条命令会自动设置ppa源，然后安装nodejs的deb包。也可以手动设置

# add-apt-repository may not be present on some Ubuntu releases:
# sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository -y -r ppa:chris-lea/node.js
sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/chris-lea-node_js-*.list
sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/chris-lea-node_js-*.list.save

curl -sSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
# wget can also be used:
# wget --quiet -O - https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -

# Replace with the branch of Node.js or io.js you want to install: node_6.x, node_8.x, etc...
VERSION=node_10.x
# The below command will set this correctly, but if lsb_release isn't available, you can set it manually:
# - For Debian distributions: jessie, sid, etc...
# - For Ubuntu distributions: xenial, bionic, etc...
# - For Debian or Ubuntu derived distributions your best option is to use the codename corresponding to the upstream release your distribution is based off. This is an advanced scenario and unsupported if your distribution is not listed as supported per earlier in this README.
DISTRO="$(lsb_release -s -c)"
echo "deb https://deb.nodesource.com/$VERSION $DISTRO main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list
echo "deb-src https://deb.nodesource.com/$VERSION $DISTRO main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs

这样就可以以包的形式安装最新的nodejs了，避免使用源码编译带来的文件管理混乱问题。