知识积累之线程的睡眠时间

近日在学习java的多线程编程，有一练习题：创建几个任务，它们各将睡眠一定时间，显示它们的睡眠时间并退出。

我刚开始写的代码是这样的：

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class sleepAWhile implements Runnable{

	private static int taskCount=0;
	private final int id =taskCount++;
	
	private int time =0;
	public sleepAWhile(int x){
		this.time = x;
	}
	
	public void run() {
		
		while(--time>0){
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}		
		}
		System.out.println("this is the "+id+" times");
	}	
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
			long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
			exec.execute(new sleepAWhile(i));
			long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
			System.out.println("time="+(t2-t1));
		}
		exec.shutdown();
	}
}

最终执行的结果是：

time=0
this is the 0 times
time=0
this is the 1 times
time=0
time=0
time=0
this is the 2 times
this is the 3 times
this is the 4 times

可以看到，没有收集到各任务的睡眠时间，作为初学者的我对这一结果十分困惑，在同事帮助下才明白原来exec.execute(new sleepAWhile(i));这一句只是把线程放到线程池中，其后面的语句可以立即执行。

后来我将代码改成了这样：

package thinking650;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class sleepAWhile implements Runnable{

	private static int taskCount=0;
	private final int id =taskCount++;
	
	private int time =0;
	public sleepAWhile(int x){
		this.time = x;
	}
	
	public void run() {
		long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
		while(--time>0){
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}		
		}
		long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("time="+(t2-t1));
		System.out.println("this is the "+id+" times");
	}	
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
			exec.execute(new sleepAWhile(i));
		}
		exec.shutdown();
	}
}

结果如下：

time=0
this is the 0 times
time=0
this is the 1 times
time=1000
this is the 2 times
time=2001
this is the 3 times
time=3002
this is the 4 times

这就收集到了各个线程睡眠的时间。