一、HTTP 请求和响应格式:
1.HTTP请求:
请求行(request line)、请求头部(header)、空行和请求数据四个部分组成。
<request line>
<headers>
<blank line>
[<request-body>]
GET与POST方法实例:
GET /books/?sex=man&name=Professional HTTP/1.1
Host: www.wrox.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6)
Gecko/20050225 Firefox/1.0.1
Connection: Keep-Alive
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.wrox.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6)
Gecko/20050225 Firefox/1.0.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 40
Connection: Keep-Alive
(----此处空一行----)
name=Professional%20Ajax&publisher=Wiley
2. HTTP响应格式:
<status line>
<headers>
<blank line>
[<response-body>]
HTTP响应实例:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 31 Dec 2005 23:59:59 GMT
Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Length: 122
<html>
<head>
<title>Wrox Homepage</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- body goes here -->
</body>
</html>
最常用的状态码有:
◆200 (OK): 找到了该资源,并且一切正常。
◆304 (NOT MODIFIED): 该资源在上次请求之后没有任何修改。这通常用于浏览器的缓存机制。
◆401 (UNAUTHORIZED): 客户端无权访问该资源。这通常会使得浏览器要求用户输入用户名和密码,以登录到服务器。
◆403 (FORBIDDEN): 客户端未能获得授权。这通常是在401之后输入了不正确的用户名或密码。
◆404 (NOT FOUND): 在指定的位置不存在所申请的资源
二、GET与POST区别:
1)get:请求参数是作为一个key/value对的序列(查询字符串)附加到URL上的。
2)post:请求参数是在http标题的一个不同部分(名为entity body)传输的,这一部分用来传输表单信息,因此必须将Content-type设置为:application/x-www-form-urlencoded。
3)soap:是http post的一个专用版本,遵循一种特殊的xml消息格式
Content-type设置为: text/xml 任何数据都可以xml化。
4) GET请求会被浏览器主动cache,而POST不会,除非手动设置。
5)GET产生一个TCP数据包;POST产生两个TCP数据包,GET方式的请求,浏览器会把http header和data一并发送出去,服务器响应200(返回数据);POST,浏览器先发送header,服务器响应100 continue,浏览器再发送data,服务器响应200 ok(返回数据)。
get请求的参数参数在url里面,不安全,post请求的参数放在请求体中,安全。
GET与POST方法实例:
GET /books/?sex=man&name=Professional HTTP/1.1
Host: www.wrox.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6)
Gecko/20050225 Firefox/1.0.1
Connection: Keep-Alive
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.wrox.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6)
Gecko/20050225 Firefox/1.0.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 40
Connection: Keep-Alive
(----此处空一行----)
name=Professional%20Ajax&publisher=Wiley
注意点:
1. Url的编码格式采用的是ASCII码,而不是Unicode,这也就是说你不能在Url中包含任何非ASCII字符,例如中文。
2. 对Url中的非法字符进行编码:Url编码通常也被称为百分号编码(Url Encoding,also known as percent-encoding),是因为它的编码方式非常简单,使用%百分号加上两位的字符。
3.GET查询字符串的长度受到web浏览器和web服务器的限制
三、 完整示例:
例子:
HTTP GET
发送
GET /DEMOWebServices2.8/Service.asmx/CancelOrder?UserID=string&PWD=string&OrderConfirmation=string HTTP/1.1
Host: api.efxnow.com
回复
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<objPlaceOrderResponse xmlns="https://api.efxnow.com/webservices2.3">
<Success>boolean</Success>
<ErrorDescription>string</ErrorDescription>
<ErrorNumber>int</ErrorNumber>
<CustomerOrderReference>long</CustomerOrderReference>
<OrderConfirmation>string</OrderConfirmation>
<CustomerDealRef>string</CustomerDealRef>
</objPlaceOrderResponse>
HTTP POST
发送
POST /DEMOWebServices2.8/Service.asmx/CancelOrder HTTP/1.1
Host: api.efxnow.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: length
UserID=string&PWD=string&OrderConfirmation=string
回复
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<objPlaceOrderResponse xmlns="https://api.efxnow.com/webservices2.3">
<Success>boolean</Success>
<ErrorDescription>string</ErrorDescription>
<ErrorNumber>int</ErrorNumber>
<CustomerOrderReference>long</CustomerOrderReference>
<OrderConfirmation>string</OrderConfirmation>
<CustomerDealRef>string</CustomerDealRef>
</objPlaceOrderResponse>
SOAP 1.2
发送
POST /DEMOWebServices2.8/Service.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: api.efxnow.com
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
<soap12:Body>
<CancelOrder xmlns="https://api.efxnow.com/webservices2.3">
<UserID>string</UserID>
<PWD>string</PWD>
<OrderConfirmation>string</OrderConfirmation>
</CancelOrder>
</soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>
回复
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
<soap12:Body>
<CancelOrderResponse xmlns="https://api.efxnow.com/webservices2.3">
<CancelOrderResult>
<Success>boolean</Success>
<ErrorDescription>string</ErrorDescription>
<ErrorNumber>int</ErrorNumber>
<CustomerOrderReference>long</CustomerOrderReference>
<OrderConfirmation>string</OrderConfirmation>
<CustomerDealRef>string</CustomerDealRef>
</CancelOrderResult>
</CancelOrderResponse>
</soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>