classpath:与classpath*:分析

1.在spring中classpath:和classpath*:为前缀的文件加载过程:
classpath:

String CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX = ResourceUtils.CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX;

/** Pseudo URL prefix for loading from the class path: "classpath:" */
    public static final String CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX = "classpath:";
//(方法路径)org.springframework.core.io.DefaultResourceLoader#getResource
public Resource getResource(String location) {
        Assert.notNull(location, "Location must not be null");
        if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {
            return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()), getClassLoader());
        }
        else {
            try {
                // Try to parse the location as a URL...
                URL url = new URL(location);
                return new UrlResource(url);
            }
            catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
                // No URL -> resolve as resource path.
                return getResourceByPath(location);
            }
        }
    }


//(方法路径):org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource
    public ClassPathResource(String path, ClassLoader classLoader) {
        Assert.notNull(path, "Path must not be null");
        String pathToUse = StringUtils.cleanPath(path);
        if (pathToUse.startsWith("/")) {
            pathToUse = pathToUse.substring(1);
        }
        this.path = pathToUse;
        this.classLoader = (classLoader != null ? classLoader : ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
    }

上面的是classpath:的加载方式,从getResource()可以看出,如果是以classpath:为前缀的,调用ClassPathResource(),返回资源路径.

classpath*:

String CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX = "classpath*:";

//(方法路径:org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver)
public Resource[] getResources(String locationPattern) throws IOException {
        Assert.notNull(locationPattern, "Location pattern must not be null");
        if (locationPattern.startsWith(CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX)) {
            // a class path resource (multiple resources for same name possible)
            //是否包含?或者*匹配符
            if (getPathMatcher().isPattern(locationPattern.substring(CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX.length()))) {
                // a class path resource pattern
                //(Find all resources that match the given location pattern via the
     * Ant-style PathMatcher. Supports resources in jar files and zip files
     * and in the file system.)这是findPathMatchingResources的解释
                return findPathMatchingResources(locationPattern);
            }
            else {
                // all class path resources with the given name
                return findAllClassPathResources(locationPattern.substring(CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX.length()));
            }
        }
        //......
    }
//findAllClassPathResources()方法
protected Resource[] findAllClassPathResources(String location) throws IOException {
        String path = location;
        if (path.startsWith("/")) {
            path = path.substring(1);
        }
        Enumeration<URL> resourceUrls = getClassLoader().getResources(path);
        Set<Resource> result = new LinkedHashSet<Resource>(16);
        while (resourceUrls.hasMoreElements()) {
            URL url = resourceUrls.nextElement();
            result.add(convertClassLoaderURL(url));
        }
        return result.toArray(new Resource[result.size()]);
    }

//Finds all the resources with the given name.
//可以看出如果有父加载器.向上加载,可以加载jar包中的
public Enumeration<URL> getResources(String name) throws IOException {
        Enumeration[] tmp = new Enumeration[2];
        if (parent != null) {
            tmp[0] = parent.getResources(name);
        } else {
            tmp[0] = getBootstrapResources(name);
        }
        tmp[1] = findResources(name);

        return new CompoundEnumeration<>(tmp);
    }

2.总结:(classpath是WEB-INF/classes,lib)
a)lib和classes同属classpath，两者的访问优先级为: lib>classes。
b)区别:
classpath：只会到你的class路径中查找找文件;
classpath*：不仅包含class路径，还包括jar文件中的class路径。如果有多个同名文件,都会加载