1.问题
该实现方式很好的实现了所有要求的功能,但是如果你是一个有经验的开发者你会对这段代码思考:所有的代码都放在同一个文件中,对于一个只有几十行的小应用不存在什么问题,但是如果你增加越来越多的功能时,问题就会出现,所有的代码杂糅在一起代码总量会变得非常大,极其不利于扩展以及维护。我们是否能够采取一定的方式将这段代码拆分开,于是引出来我们的主题-MVC设计模式。
2.什么叫MVC
MVC-Model,View,Controller
Model-模型,在一个应用中,它代表所要操作的所有数据,在前面的小应用中,条目即属于模型。
View-视图,用于展示数据,是一个程序操作的界面,在一个web应用中通常表示为html代码,在本例中,list和button都属于view。
Controller-控制器,处理视图上的事件并且反馈到数据上,如本例中,点击添加按钮,可以添加条目。
MVC的本质是对外提供一组触发器,然后执行一些内部操作,最后返回结果。
3.为什么使用MVC
4.本例的一种MVC实现
Event
function Event(sender) {
this._sender = sender;
this._listeners = [];
}
Event.prototype = {
attach: function (listener) {
this._listeners.push(listener);
},
notify: function (args) {
var index;
for (index = 0; index < this._listeners.length; index += 1) {
this._listeners[index](this._sender, args);
}
}
};
Model
/**
* The Model. Model stores items and notifies
* observers about changes.
*/
function ListModel(items) {
this._items = items;
this._selectedIndex = -1;
this.itemAdded = new Event(this);
this.itemRemoved = new Event(this);
this.selectedIndexChanged = new Event(this);
}
ListModel.prototype = {
getItems: function () {
return [].concat(this._items);
},
addItem: function (item) {
this._items.push(item);
this.itemAdded.notify({
item: item
});
},
removeItemAt: function (index) {
var item;
item = this._items[index];
this._items.splice(index, 1);
this.itemRemoved.notify({
item: item
});
if (index === this._selectedIndex) {
this.setSelectedIndex(-1);
}
},
getSelectedIndex: function () {
return this._selectedIndex;
},
setSelectedIndex: function (index) {
var previousIndex;
previousIndex = this._selectedIndex;
this._selectedIndex = index;
this.selectedIndexChanged.notify({
previous: previousIndex
});
}
};
View
/**
* The View. View presents the model and provides
* the UI events. The controller is attached to these
* events to handle the user interraction.
*/
function ListView(model, elements) {
this._model = model;
this._elements = elements;
this.listModified = new Event(this);
this.addButtonClicked = new Event(this);
this.delButtonClicked = new Event(this);
var _this = this;
// attach model listeners
this._model.itemAdded.attach(function () {
_this.rebuildList();
});
this._model.itemRemoved.attach(function () {
_this.rebuildList();
});
// attach listeners to HTML controls
this._elements.list.change(function (e) {
_this.listModified.notify({
index: e.target.selectedIndex
});
});
this._elements.addButton.click(function () {
_this.addButtonClicked.notify();
});
this._elements.delButton.click(function () {
_this.delButtonClicked.notify();
});
}
ListView.prototype = {
show: function () {
this.rebuildList();
},
rebuildList: function () {
var list, items, key;
list = this._elements.list;
list.html('');
items = this._model.getItems();
for (key in items) {
if (items.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
list.append($('<option>' + items[key] + '</option>'));
}
}
this._model.setSelectedIndex(-1);
}
};
Controller
/**
* The Controller. Controller responds to user actions and
* invokes changes on the model.
*/
function ListController(model, view) {
this._model = model;
this._view = view;
var _this = this;
this._view.listModified.attach(function (sender, args) {
_this.updateSelected(args.index);
});
this._view.addButtonClicked.attach(function () {
_this.addItem();
});
this._view.delButtonClicked.attach(function () {
_this.delItem();
});
}
ListController.prototype = {
addItem: function () {
var item = window.prompt('Add item:', '');
if (item) {
this._model.addItem(item);
}
},
delItem: function () {
var index;
index = this._model.getSelectedIndex();
if (index !== -1) {
this._model.removeItemAt(this._model.getSelectedIndex());
}
},
updateSelected: function (index) {
this._model.setSelectedIndex(index);
}
};
程序入口application.js
$(function () {
var model = new ListModel(['PHP', 'JavaScript']),
view = new ListView(model, {
'list': $('#list'),
'addButton': $('#plusBtn'),
'delButton': $('#minusBtn')
}),
controller = new ListController(model, view);
view.show();
});
html文件
<div class="row container">
<div class="col-xs-4">
<select id="list" class="form-control" size="10"></select>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-8">
<button id="plusBtn" class="btn btn-default btn-block">+</button>
<button id="minusBtn" class="btn btn-default btn-block">-</button>
</div>
</div>