Java、Python、NodeJS等开发环境安装及配置镜像加速到国内源

Java

从图中可以看出，下载8/11/17三个版本即可，其他版本按需下载。

从图中可以看出，除了Oracle外，Amazon和Eclipse Adoptium都挺好。

来源：https://newrelic.com/resources/report/2024-state-of-the-java-ecosystem

1.Windows

1.1 scoop方式安装JDK

scoop install corretto8-jdk corretto11-jdk corretto17-jdk 

2.Linux

2.1 apt方式安装JDK

apt install software-properties-common -y
apt install openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-17-jdk -y

2.1.1 切换JDK

update-alternatives --config java

2.1.2 验证版本

java -version

2.1.3 原理

# 入口: /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java*
ll /usr/bin/java

# 切换： /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64/bin/java*
ll /etc/alternatives/java

# 版本目录：/usr/lib/jvm
ll /usr/lib/jvm

Python

1.Windows

1.1 scoop方式安装Python

scoop install python38 python39 python310 python311 python312 python313 python314

1.2 uv方式安装Python（推荐）

scoop install uv

2.Linux

2.1 apt方式安装Python

apt install software-properties-common -y
add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
apt install python{3.7,3.8,3.9,3.10,3.11,3.12,3.13,3.14} -y

2.1.1 配置版本切换

update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.7 2
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.8 3
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.9 4
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.10 5
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.11 6
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.12 7
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.13 8
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.14 9

2.1.2 切换Python

update-alternatives --config python

2.1.3 验证版本

python --version

2.2 uv方式安装Python（推荐）

curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh

或

wget -qO- https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh

来源：https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/

3.uv方式说明

uv python install python3.7 python3.8 python3.9 python3.10 python3.11 python3.12 python3.13 python3.14

3.1 查看版本列表

uv python list

3.2 初始化项目

uv init

3.3 添加依赖

uv add requests

3.4 查看依赖

uv tree

3.5 同步依赖

uv sync

NodeJS

1.Windows

1.1 scoop方式安装NodeJS

scoop install nodejs16 nodejs17 nodejs18 nodejs19 nodejs20 nodejs21 nodejs22 nodejs23

1.2 nvm方式安装NodeJS（推荐）

scoop install nvm

2.Linux

2.1 nvm方式安装NodeJS（推荐）

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.3/install.sh | bash

或

wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.3/install.sh | bash

来源：https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm?tab=readme-ov-file#install–update-script

3.nvm方式说明

3.1 安装版本

nvm install 23 
nvm install 22 
nvm install 21 
nvm install 20 
nvm install 19 
nvm install 18 
nvm install 17 
nvm install 16

3.2 查看版本列表

nvm list

3.3 切换版本

nvm use 23

3.4 验证版本

node -v

配置国内源

1.apt国内源

#--quiet
#-O file
wget -qO- https://gitee.com/duhongming/shell-script/raw/master/mirrors/apt-sources.sh | bash

2.pip国内源

• 清华贼快（推荐）
  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/pypi/

• 腾讯（备用）
  https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/

• 阿里贼慢还缺包
  https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi

• 豆瓣重定向到腾讯
  https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/

python -m pip install -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple --upgrade pip

pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/
pip config set global.extra-index-url "https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple"

# 阿里有时候缺包
(venv) d@d:~/SourceCode/test-gpu$ pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi
Looking in indexes: https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement torch (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for torch

# 豆瓣重定向到腾讯了
(venv) d@d:~/SourceCode/test-gpu$ pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/
Collecting torch
  Downloading https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/packages/d1/35/e8b2daf02ce933e4518e6f5682c72fd0ed66c15910ea1fb4168f442b71c4/torch-2.5.1-cp311-cp311-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (906.5 MB)	

3.maven和gradle国内源

参考：https://developer.aliyun.com/mvn/guide
.m2/settings.xml

<mirrors>
  <mirror>
    <id>aliyunmaven</id>
    <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
    <name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
    <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
  </mirror>
  <mirror>
    <id>pentaho-public</id>
    <name>Pentaho Public</name>
    <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
    <url>http://nexus.pentaho.org/content/groups/omni/</url>
  </mirror>
</mirrors>

\init.d\init.gradle

allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenLocal()
        maven { name "Alibaba" ; url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public" }
        mavenCentral()
    }
 
    buildscript { 
        repositories { 
            maven { name "Alibaba" ; url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
        }
    }
}