[Java Web]Struts2基础总结(二)

Action接收参数的四种方法

1. 在Action中定义属性和get、set方法，Struts2将会自动把接受的参数赋值到对应的属性：

   public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
   	
   	private String name;
   	private int age;
   	
   	public String execute() {<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//localhost:8080/Struts/user?name=aaa&age=20
   		return SUCCESS;
   	}
   
   	public String getName() {
   		return name;
   	}
   
   	public void setName(String name) {
   		this.name = name;
   	}
   
   	public int getAge() {
   		return age;
   	}
   
   	public void setAge(int age) {
   		this.age = age;
   	}
   	
   }

   
   
2. 在Action类中定义model对象并添加get、set方法，在model对象中定义属性添加get、set方法，Struts2会将属性传入model中：

   public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
   	
   	private User user;
   
   	public String execute() {<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//localhost:8080/Struts/user?user.name=a&user.age=19
   		return SUCCESS;
   	}
   
   	public User getUser() {
   		return user;
   	}
   
   	public void setUser(User user) {
   		this.user = user;
   	}
   	
   }
   
   class User {
   	private String name;
   	private int age;
   
   	public String getName() {
   		return name;
   	}
   
   	public void setName(String name) {
   		this.name = name;
   	}
   
   	public int getAge() {
   		return age;
   	}
   
   	public void setAge(int age) {
   		this.age = age;
   	}
   }

   
   
3. 使用DTO进行中间过渡，用于参数中带有不需要存入model的属性时：

   public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
   	
   	private UserDTO user;
   
   	public String execute() {	//localhost:8080/Struts/user?user.username=a&user.password=b&user.confirmingPassword=b
   		return SUCCESS;
   	}
   
   	public User getUser() {
   		return user;
   	}
   
   	public void setUser(UserDTO user) {
   		this.user = user;
   	}
   	
   }
   
   class UserDTO {
   	private String username;
   	private String password;
   	private String confirmingPassword;
   
   	public String getUsername() {
   		return username;
   	}
   
   	public void setUsername(String username) {
   		this.username = username;
   	}
   
   	public String getPassword() {
   		return password;
   	}
   
   	public void setPassword(String password) {
   		this.password = password;
   	}
   
   	public String getConfirmingPassword() {
   		return confirmingPassword;
   	}
   
   	public void setConfirmingPassword(String confirmingPassword) {
   		this.confirmingPassword = confirmingPassword;
   	}
   }

   
   
4. 实现ModelDriven接口，自行创建成员对象实例，实现getModel方法：

   public class UserAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{
   	
   	private User user = new User();
   	
   	public String add() {
   		System.out.println("name=" + user.getName());
   		System.out.println("age=" + user.getAge());
   		return SUCCESS;
   	}
   
   	@Override
   	public User getModel() {
   		return user;
   	}
   	
   }
   
   class User {
   	private String name;
   	private int age;
   
   	public String getName() {
   		return name;
   	}
   
   	public void setName(String name) {
   		this.name = name;
   	}
   
   	public int getAge() {
   		return age;
   	}
   
   	public void setAge(int age) {
   		this.age = age;
   	}
   }

获取Request、Session和Application的四种方法：

1. 使用ActionContext获取：

   public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {
   	
   	private Map request;
   	private Map session;
   	private Map application;
   	
   	public TestAction() {
   		request = (Map)ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
   		session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
   		application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
   	}
   	
   	public String execute() {
   		request.put("username", "aaa");
   		session.put("password", "bbb");
   		application.put("name", "ccc");
   		return SUCCESS; 
   	}
   	
   }
   

   
   
2. 实现RequestAware、SessionAware、ApplicationAware接口，通过IOC注入获取：

   public class TestAction extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,SessionAware, ApplicationAware {
   	
   	private Map<String, Object> request;
   	private Map<String, Object> session;
   	private Map<String, Object> application;
   	
   	public String execute() {
   		request.put("username", "aaa");
   		session.put("password", "bbb");
   		application.put("name", "ccc");
   		return SUCCESS; 
   	}
   
   	@Override
   	public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
   		this.request = request;
   	}
   
   	@Override
   	public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
   		this.session = session;
   	}
   
   	@Override
   	public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
   		this.application = application;
   	}
   	
   }

   
   
3. 通过ServletActionContext获取：

   public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {
   	
   	private HttpServletRequest request;
   	private HttpSession session;
   	private ServletContext application;
   	
   	public TestAction() {
   		request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
   		session = request.getSession();
   		application = session.getServletContext();
   	}
   	
   	public String execute() {
   		request.setAttribute("username", "aaa");
   		session.setAttribute("password", "bbb");
   		application.setAttribute("name", "ccc");
   		return SUCCESS; 
   	}
   }

   
   
4. 实现HttpRequestAware接口，通过IOC注入获取：

   public class TestAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware {
   	
   	private HttpServletRequest request;
   	private HttpSession session;
   	private ServletContext application;
   
   	public String execute() {
   		request.setAttribute("username", "aaa");
   		session.setAttribute("password", "bbb");
   		application.setAttribute("name", "ccc");
   		return SUCCESS; 
   	}
   
   	@Override
   	public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
   		this.request = request;
   		this.session = request.getSession();
   		this.application = session.getServletContext();
   	}
   	
   }

Result

Result标签有两个属性type和name，其中type有4种常用选项，分别为：

1. dispatcher（默认选项）：转发到一个页面
2. redirect：重定向到一个页面
   
3. chain：转发到一个Action
   
4. redirectAction ：重定向到一个Action

有些页面可以为所有Action服务，例如主页、错误页面等，可以使用<global-results>标签将这些页面的Result设置成全局Result：

<global-results>
    <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
    <result name="main">/index.jsp</result>
</global-results>

同时Result也支持动态结果集，用法为"${r}"，r代表ValueStack中的一个属性名。例如Action为：

public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
	private int type;
	private String url;

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	public int getType() {
		return type;
	}

	public void setType(int type) {
		this.type = type;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		if(type == 1) url="/success.jsp";
		else if (type == 2) url="/error.jsp";
		return "success";
	}

}

struts.xml中的配置为：

<pre name="code" class="java"><action name="user" class="struts.action.UserAction">
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><result>${url}</result>
</action>

或者用于重定向传递参数：

<action name="user" class="struts.action.UserAction">
	 <result type="redirect">/user.jsp/type=${type}</result>
</action>