Python3语言的特色用法

In [1]: # 格式化字符串
   ...: print('the age of %s is %d' % ('xiaoming',14))
the age of xiaoming is 14

In [2]: astr='the age of %s is %d' % ('xiaoming',14)

In [3]: astr
Out[3]: 'the age of xiaoming is 14'

In [4]: print('the age of {} is {}'.format('xiaoming',14))
the age of xiaoming is 14

In [5]: 'the age of {} is {}'.format('xiaoming',14)
Out[5]: 'the age of xiaoming is 14'

In [6]: # 重定向
   ...:
   ...: import sys
   ...:
   ...: print('write to standar error',file=sys.stderr)
   ...:
   ...:
write to standar error

In [7]: f=open('output.txt',mode='a')
   ...: print('write to file',file=f)
   ...: f.close()
   ...:
   ...:

In [8]: # 打印函数
   ...:
   ...: help(print)
Help on built-in function print in module builtins:

print(...)
    print(value, ..., sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)

    Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.
    Optional keyword arguments:
    file:  a file-like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.
    sep:   string inserted between values, default a space.
    end:   string appended after the last value, default a newline.
    flush: whether to forcibly flush the stream.


In [9]: print(1,2)
1 2

In [10]: print((1,2))
(1, 2)

In [11]: for i in range(5):
    ...:     print(i,i+1)
    ...:
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5

In [12]: for i in range(5):
    ...:     print(i,i+1,sep=',')
    ...:
0,1
1,2
2,3
3,4
4,5

In [13]: for i in range(5):
    ...:     print(i,i+1,sep=',',end=',')
    ...:
0,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,
In [14]: 2*3,2**3
Out[14]: (6, 8)

In [15]: 1<2<3<4
Out[15]: True

In [16]: #字符串
    ...:
    ...: '123abc,'*3
Out[16]: '123abc,123abc,123abc,'

In [17]: # 字典
    ...:
    ...: adict={'name':'xiaoming','age':14}
    ...: adict.keys()
    ...:
    ...:
Out[17]: dict_keys(['name', 'age'])

In [18]: adict.items()
Out[18]: dict_items([('name', 'xiaoming'), ('age', 14)])

In [19]: # for ... else ...
    ...: for i in [1,2,2,1,1]:
    ...:     if i==12:
    ...:         print('found')
    ...: else:
    ...:     print('not found')
    ...:
not found

In [20]: for i in [1,2,2,1,1]:
    ...:     if i ==1:
    ...:         print(1)
    ...: else:
    ...:     print('no')
    ...:
1
1
1
no

In [21]: for i in [1,1,1,1,1]:
    ...:     if i ==1:
    ...:         print(1)
    ...: else:
    ...:     print('no')
    ...:
1
1
1
1
1
no

In [22]: for i in [1,1,1,1,1]:
    ...:     if i ==1:
    ...:         print(1)
    ...:         break
    ...: else:
    ...:     print('no')
    ...:
1

In [23]: [i for i in range(10)]
Out[23]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

In [24]: [i for i in range(10) if i%3!=0]
Out[24]: [1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8]

In [25]: {k+1:v*2 for k,v in {1:2,3:4}.items()}
Out[25]: {2: 4, 4: 8}

In [26]: # 引用调用，值传递
    ...: import random
    ...:
    ...: def random_append(alist):
    ...:     alist.append(random.random())
    ...:
    ...: alist=[1,2,3]
    ...: random_append(alist)
    ...: alist
    ...:
    ...:
Out[26]: [1, 2, 3, 0.0028516098921210764]