ABAP项目砖家之旅-alv项目实战
# 前言
上一节“ABAP项目砖家之旅-screen和表单项目实战”，已经对我们项目中常用的自定义表录入界面和展示界面做了开发，快速开发的基础上也存在显示不美观、难以导出等缺陷。这一节我们使用alv报表对上一节的界面进行重写，写成一个带维护界面的alv报表。还是那句话，搬砖也要有急速成型的办法，不然赶不上项目要求，搞熟alv吧
一、ALV相关介绍
ALV-SAP LIST VIEW列表界面报表。主要是通过几个ALV专用的函数来实现数据展现，附带排序、筛选、打印、导出等工具栏和功能。按照abap行业共识，主要分两类有：简易的,两层ALV,分等级连续的列表和树形结构的ALV。本人姑且把用到的归纳一下，没用到的，其实大家可以按照项目要求网上找找高手的博文了解下。英文水平高的直接进去SE37看函数参数、结构、帮助也可以。
二、ALV使用步骤
主要原理剖析：alv使用本质是函数调用，alv函数通用参数有表头字段fieldcat（有自定结构类的，参照表结构…），数据表，布局格式参数等，下面举例和上代码：
（一）普通alv和扩展alv
1.普通alv函数
SE37函数为：REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY /REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY ，常用GRID函数
1.1函数参数解释
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
* I_INTERFACE_CHECK = ' ' "检查接口一致性
* I_BYPASSING_BUFFER = ' ' "是否使用缓存
* I_BUFFER_ACTIVE = ' ' "是否激活缓存
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = sy-repid "调用ALV的程序，不填写默认当前程序，也可以SY-REPID
I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET = 'FRM_SET_STATUS' "alv工具栏的FRM,使用后，标准ALV的status会失效！
* I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND = ' ' "alv用户按键和菜单FRM
* I_CALLBACK_TOP_OF_PAGE = ' ' "抬头内容FRM
* I_CALLBACK_HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE = ' ' "HTML页眉内容FRM
* I_CALLBACK_HTML_END_OF_LIST = ' ' "HTML页脚frm
* I_STRUCTURE_NAME = "se11定义的结构名称
* I_BACKGROUND_ID = ' ' "alv背景图案的id
* I_GRID_TITLE = "alv标题
* I_GRID_SETTINGS = "alvgrid信息
* IS_LAYOUT = "输出布局样式
* IT_FIELDCAT = "列标题、长度等
* IT_EXCLUDING = "要隐藏的alv标准工具栏
* IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS = "分组文本内表
* IT_SORT = "排序按钮的设置
* IT_FILTER = "筛选设置
* IS_SEL_HIDE = "替换/修改select-option的值
* I_DEFAULT = 'X' "可以定义默认布局，space标识不可以修改默认
* I_SAVE = ' ' "是否可以保存ALV布局：X-保存全局变式 U-保存用户变式 A-都保存 space-不能保存
* IS_VARIANT = "表格布局变式
* IT_EVENTS = "设置事件 类型为slis_t_event
* IT_EVENT_EXIT = "事件执行后回调（增强出口）
* IS_PRINT = "后台打印参数设置
* IS_REPREP_ID = "
* I_SCREEN_START_COLUMN = 0 "对话框形式显示的开始列
* I_SCREEN_START_LINE = 0
* I_SCREEN_END_COLUMN = 0
* I_SCREEN_END_LINE = 0
* I_HTML_HEIGHT_TOP = 0
* I_HTML_HEIGHT_END = 0
* IT_ALV_GRAPHICS = "是否可以在图表显示ALV
* IT_HYPERLINK = "使用超链接
* IT_ADD_FIELDCAT =
* IT_EXCEPT_QINFO =
* IR_SALV_FULLSCREEN_ADAPTER =
* IMPORTING
* E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER =
* ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER =
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = LT_ZTTEST "要显示的内表信息，结构必须和上面struct或者fieldcat一致
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2
.
1.2ALV状态栏STATUS
这里说一下ALV标准界面STATUS按钮和log，大家如用自己的状态栏，可以参考下面的按键添加
也可以通过SE90直接复制标准ALV的：
复制到我们开发的程序：
1.3定义函数需要的输入参数
*DEFINE fieldcat 宏脚本
DEFINE build_fieldcat .
ls_fieldcat-fieldname = &1 . "字段名
ls_fieldcat-tabname = &2 . "内表名
ls_fieldcat-seltext_m = &3 . "字段描述
ls_fieldcat-outputlen = &4 . "字段长度
ls_fieldcat-no_zero = &5. "为0是否显示为空
ls_fieldcat-just = &6 . "对齐 L R M
ls_fieldcat-edit_mask = &7 . "
ls_fieldcat-decimals_out = &8 ."小数位
APPEND ls_fiELdcat TO lt_fieldcat .
CLEAR ls_fieldcat .
END-OF-DEFINITION.
"1.定义fieldcat
build_fieldcat 'MANDT' 'LT_ZTTEST' '客户端' 3 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZNAME' 'LT_ZTTEST' '客户端' 5 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZDESC' 'LT_ZTTEST' '客户端' 10 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZDATE' 'LT_ZTTEST' '客户端' 10 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZPSW' 'LT_ZTTEST' '客户端' 3 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZAREA' 'LT_ZTTEST' '客户端' 3 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZWERKS' 'LT_ZTTEST' '客户端' 3 'X' 'L' '' 0.
"2.定义layout参数
ls_layout-window_titlebar = '现金流量表'.
* ls_layout-coltab_fieldname = 'S_COLOR'. "内表中存放4位颜色代码字段
ls_layout-info_fieldname = 'S_COLOR' .
* ls_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'. 跟下面设置 fieldcat 宽度冲突，任选一
ls_layout-zebra = 'X'.
ls_layout-numc_sum = 'X'.
ls_layout-reprep = 'X'.
ls_layout-expand_all = 'X'.
* ls_layout-def_status = 'X'.
ls_layout-totals_only = 'X'.
"3.定义其他参数
l_buffer = abap_false.
l_save = 'A'.
ls_variant-REPORT = sy-repid.
ls_variant-handle = '0001'.
ls_variant-username = sy-uname .
1.4 select数据
1.5 调用ALV函数
FORM GET_DATA .
REFRESH LT_ZTTEST.
select * from zttest_01 into TABLE LT_ZTTEST
where zname in s_zname
and zdesc in s_zdesc .
ENDFORM.
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
* I_INTERFACE_CHECK = ' ' "检查接口一致性
* I_BYPASSING_BUFFER = ' ' "是否使用缓存
* I_BUFFER_ACTIVE = ' ' "是否激活缓存
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = sy-repid "调用ALV的程序，不填写默认当前程序，也可以SY-REPID
* I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET = 'FRM_SET_STATUS' "alv工具栏的FRM,使用后，标准ALV的status会失效！
* I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND = ' ' "alv用户按键和菜单FRM
* I_CALLBACK_TOP_OF_PAGE = ' ' "抬头内容FRM
* I_CALLBACK_HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE = ' ' "HTML页眉内容FRM
* I_CALLBACK_HTML_END_OF_LIST = ' ' "HTML页脚frm
* I_STRUCTURE_NAME = "se11定义的结构名称
* I_BACKGROUND_ID = ' ' "alv背景图案的id
* I_GRID_TITLE = "alv标题
* I_GRID_SETTINGS = "alvgrid信息
IS_LAYOUT = la_layout "输出布局样式
IT_FIELDCAT = lt_fieldcat[] "列标题、长度等
* IT_EXCLUDING = "要隐藏的alv标准工具栏
* IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS = "分组文本内表
* IT_SORT = "排序按钮的设置
* IT_FILTER = "筛选设置
* IS_SEL_HIDE = "替换/修改select-option的值
* I_DEFAULT = 'X' "可以定义默认布局，space标识不可以修改默认
I_SAVE = l_save "'A' "是否可以保存ALV布局：X-保存全局变式 U-保存用户变式 A-都保存 space-不能保存
IS_VARIANT = ls_variant "表格布局变式
* IT_EVENTS = "设置事件 类型为slis_t_event
* IT_EVENT_EXIT = "事件执行后回调（增强出口）
* IS_PRINT = "后台打印参数设置
* IS_REPREP_ID = "
* I_SCREEN_START_COLUMN = 0 "对话框形式显示的开始列
* I_SCREEN_START_LINE = 0
* I_SCREEN_END_COLUMN = 0
* I_SCREEN_END_LINE = 0
* I_HTML_HEIGHT_TOP = 0
* I_HTML_HEIGHT_END = 0
* IT_ALV_GRAPHICS = "是否可以在图表显示ALV
* IT_HYPERLINK = "使用超链接
* IT_ADD_FIELDCAT =
* IT_EXCEPT_QINFO =
* IR_SALV_FULLSCREEN_ADAPTER =
* IMPORTING
* E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER =
* ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER =
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = LT_ZTTEST[] "要显示的内表信息，结构必须和上面struct或者fieldcat一致
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2
.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
MESSAGE ID SY-msgid TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 .
ENDIF.
注意：一般table类的输入变量，最好使用[]，避免定义的内表有表头而跟函数原来的变量结构不一致导致st22报错
（二）树状和层次alv
树状和层次ALV可以通过函数引用实现，也可以通过类实现，类实现的alv我们都放到ooalv介绍吧。
1. 层次结构 REUSE_ALV_HIERSEQ_LIST_DISPLAY
DATA:BEGIN OF LT_HEADER OCCURS 0,
MANDT TYPE MANDT,
ZWERKS TYPE WERKS_D,
END OF LT_HEADER ,
BEGIN OF LT_ITEM OCCURS 0,
MANDT TYPE MANDT,
ZWERKS TYPE WERKS_D,
ZNAME TYPE zttest_01-ZNAME,
ZDESC TYPE zttest_01-ZDESC,
ZDATE TYPE zttest_01-ZDATE,
ZAREA TYPE zttest_01-ZAREA,
END OF LT_ITEM ,
GS_KEYINFO type slis_keyinfo_alv,"支持5个关联关系
LS_HEADER LIKE LINE OF LT_HEADER,
LS_ITEM LIKE LINE OF LT_ITEM .
"1.fieldcat 构建
build_fieldcat 'MANDT' 'LT_ITEM' '客户端' 3 'X' 'L' '' 0. "因为数据都是lt_item显示为主，故填写结构为LT_ITEM，表头是合并层次
build_fieldcat 'ZNAME' 'LT_ITEM' '名称' 5 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZDESC' 'LT_ITEM' '描述' 10 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZDATE' 'LT_ITEM' '截止日期' 10 'X' 'L' '' 0.
* build_fieldcat 'ZPSW' 'LT_ITEM' '密码文本' 3 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZAREA' 'LT_ITEM' '区域' 3 'X' 'L' '' 0.
build_fieldcat 'ZWERKS' 'LT_ITEM' '门店' 3 'X' 'L' '' 0.
"2.其他参数（类似普通alv这里不重复说明）
"3.KEY关联值
CLEAR gs_keyinfo .
gs_keyinfo-header01 = 'MANDT' .
gs_keyinfo-item01 = 'MANDT'.
gs_keyinfo-header02 = 'ZWERKS'.
gs_keyinfo-item02 = 'ZWERKS'.
"4.数据整理
LOOP AT LT_ZTTEST ASSIGNING <FS>.
LS_HEADER-ZWERKS = <FS>-ZWERKS.
LS_HEADER-MANDT = <FS>-MANDT.
APPEND LS_HEADER TO LT_HEADER .
LS_ITEM-MANDT = <FS>-MANDT .
LS_ITEM-ZWERKS = <FS>-ZWERKS.
LS_ITEM-ZNAME = <FS>-ZNAME.
LS_ITEM-zdesc = <fs>-zdesc.
ls_item-zdate = <fs>-zdate .
ls_item-zarea = <fs>-ZAREA .
APPEND LS_ITEM TO LT_ITEM .
ENDLOOP.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM LT_HEADER .
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM LT_ITEM .
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_HIERSEQ_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
* I_INTERFACE_CHECK = ' '
* I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM =
* I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET = ' '
* I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND = ' '
* IS_LAYOUT =
IT_FIELDCAT = lt_fieldcat[]
* IT_EXCLUDING =
* IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS =
* IT_SORT =
* IT_FILTER =
* IS_SEL_HIDE =
* I_SCREEN_START_COLUMN = 0
* I_SCREEN_START_LINE = 0
* I_SCREEN_END_COLUMN = 0
* I_SCREEN_END_LINE = 0
* I_DEFAULT = 'X'
* I_SAVE = ' '
* IS_VARIANT =
* IT_EVENTS =
* IT_EVENT_EXIT =
I_TABNAME_HEADER = 'LT_HEADER'
I_TABNAME_ITEM = 'LT_ITEM'
* I_STRUCTURE_NAME_HEADER =
* I_STRUCTURE_NAME_ITEM =
IS_KEYINFO = gs_keyinfo
* IS_PRINT =
* IS_REPREP_ID =
* I_BYPASSING_BUFFER =
* I_BUFFER_ACTIVE =
* IR_SALV_HIERSEQ_ADAPTER =
* IT_EXCEPT_QINFO =
* I_SUPPRESS_EMPTY_DATA = ABAP_FALSE
* IMPORTING
* E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER =
* ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER =
TABLES
T_OUTTAB_HEADER = LT_HEADER[]
T_OUTTAB_ITEM = LT_ITEM[]
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2
.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
MESSAGE ID SY-msgid TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 .
ENDIF.
2. 树状 RS_TREE_LIST_DISPLAY
这个alv比较简单，主要是使用RS_TREE_CONSTRUCT写入node结构，然后调用RS_TREE_LIST_DISPLAY显示即可。功能不算强大
DATA:LT_NODE TYPE TABLE OF SNODETEXT ,WA_NODE LIKE LINE OF LT_NODE .
"1.构造node
CLEAR :LT_NODE[].
CLEAR WA_NODE.
WA_NODE-TYPE = 'T'."TREE 一层
WA_NODE-ID = 'T1'.
WA_NODE-NAME = '顶层' .
WA_NODE-tlevel = 1. "层次1
WA_NODE-nlength = '15'.
WA_NODE-COLOR = '4'.
WA_NODE-TEXT = '顶层描述' .
WA_NODE-tlength = '10'.
WA_NODE-tcolor = 3.
APPEND WA_NODE TO LT_NODE .
SORT LT_ZTTEST BY MANDT ZWERKS ZNAME .
DATA:L_TMP(3) TYPE C .
LOOP AT LT_ZTTEST ASSIGNING <FS>.
AT END OF ZWERKS .
CLEAR WA_NODE.
WA_NODE-TYPE = 'P'."TREE 一层
WA_NODE-ID = SY-TABIX .
WA_NODE-NAME = <FS>-ZWERKS .
WA_NODE-tlevel = 2. "层次1
WA_NODE-nlength = '15'.
WA_NODE-COLOR = '1'.
WA_NODE-TEXT = <FS>-ZDESC .
WA_NODE-tlength = '10'.
WA_NODE-tcolor = 3.
APPEND WA_NODE TO LT_NODE .
LOOP AT LT_ZTTEST INTO WA_ZTTEST WHERE MANDT = <FS>-MANDT AND ZWERKS = <FS>-ZWERKS.
CLEAR WA_NODE.
WA_NODE-TYPE = 'P'."TREE 一层
WA_NODE-ID = SY-TABIX .
WA_NODE-NAME = WA_ZTTEST-ZNAME .
WA_NODE-tlevel = 3. "层次1
WA_NODE-nlength = '15'.
WA_NODE-COLOR = '2'.
CONCATENATE WA_NODE-ID WA_ZTTEST-zname WA_ZTTEST-ZDESC WA_ZTTEST-ZAREA WA_ZTTEST-ZWERKS INTO WA_NODE-TEXT .
WA_NODE-tlength = '200'.
WA_NODE-tcolor = 4.
APPEND WA_NODE TO LT_NODE .
ENDLOOP.
ENDAT.
ENDLOOP.
CALL FUNCTION 'RS_TREE_CONSTRUCT'
* EXPORTING
* INSERT_ID = '000000'
* RELATIONSHIP = ' '
* LOG =
TABLES
NODETAB = LT_NODE
* EXCEPTIONS
* TREE_FAILURE = 1
* ID_NOT_FOUND = 2
* WRONG_RELATIONSHIP = 3
* OTHERS = 4
.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* Implement suitable error handling here
ENDIF.
"node alv展示
CALL FUNCTION 'RS_TREE_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
CALLBACK_PROGRAM = sy-repid "当前窗口
* CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND =
* CALLBACK_TEXT_DISPLAY =
* CALLBACK_MOREINFO_DISPLAY =
* CALLBACK_COLOR_DISPLAY =
* CALLBACK_TOP_OF_PAGE =
* CALLBACK_GUI_STATUS =
* CALLBACK_CONTEXT_MENU =
STATUS = 'IMPLICIT'
CHECK_DUPLICATE_NAME = '1'
COLOR_OF_NODE = '4'
COLOR_OF_MARK = '3'
COLOR_OF_LINK = '1'
COLOR_OF_MATCH = '5'
* LOWER_CASE_SENSITIVE = ' '
* MODIFICATION_LOG = ' '
NODE_LENGTH = 30
TEXT_LENGTH = 75
* TEXT_LENGTH1 = 0
* TEXT_LENGTH2 = 0
* RETURN_MARKED_SUBTREE = ' '
* SCREEN_START_COLUMN = 0
* SCREEN_START_LINE = 0
* SCREEN_END_COLUMN = 0
* SCREEN_END_LINE = 0
* SUPPRESS_NODE_OUTPUT = ' '
* LAYOUT_MODE = ' '
* USE_CONTROL = STREE_USE_LIST
* IMPORTING
* F15 =
.
ENDIF.
这个树状ALV实现的功能有局限，后面ooalv也有树状类，可以实现更强大的功能，大家向下走吧。
（三）ooalv
oo alv主要是使用se24的alv相关的类来实现alv报表。主要类有:
1. SALV：cl_gui_alv_grid 、 CL_SALV_TABLE
1.1全屏salv：
DATA : LCL_ALV TYPE REF TO CL_SALV_TABLE,
gr_functions TYPE REF TO cl_salv_functions_list,
gr_layout TYPE REF TO cl_salv_layout,gs_program TYPE salv_s_layout_key ,"该结构包含了布局变式所属程序名.
gr_columns TYPE REF TO cl_salv_columns_table, gr_column TYPE REF TO Cl_salv_column_table..
CL_SALV_TABLE=>FACTORY(
EXPORTING
list_display = abap_false "是否列表实现 false-grid R_CONTAINER -控件 CONTAINER_NAME容器名
IMPORTING
R_SALV_TABLE = LCL_ALV
* R_CONTAINER =
* CONTAINER_NAME =''
CHANGING
T_TABLE = LT_ZTTEST[]
).
gr_functions = LCL_ALV->GET_FUNCTIONS( ).
gr_functions->SET_DEFAULT( ) . "激活ALV工具栏按钮
"layout 视图保存功能
gr_layout = LCL_ALV->get_layout( ) .
gs_program-report = sy-repid ."指定程序
gr_layout->set_key( gs_program ).
gr_layout->set_save_restriction( cl_salv_layout=>restrict_none ) . "允许保存标识
"fieldcat:column 设置标题 是否显示列（可以在layout找出来）
gr_columns = LCL_ALV->get_columns( ) .
* gr_column ?= gr_columns->get_column( 'MANDT' ). "需要处理的列，如隐藏
* gr_column->set_visible( cl_salv_columns_table=>false )."隐藏
clear gr_column .
gr_column ?= gr_columns->get_column( 'MANDT' ).
gr_column->set_long_text('客户端').
gr_column->set_medium_text('客户端').
gr_column->set_short_text('cnt').
gr_column ?= gr_columns->get_column( 'ZNAME' ).
gr_column->set_long_text('用户名编码').
gr_column->set_medium_text('用户名').
gr_column->set_short_text('用户').
gr_column ?= gr_columns->get_column( 'ZDESC' ).
gr_column->set_long_text('用户描述').
gr_column->set_medium_text('用户名').
gr_column->set_short_text('姓名').
gr_column ?= gr_columns->get_column( 'ZDATE' ).
gr_column->set_long_text('用户截止日期').
gr_column->set_medium_text('截止日期').
gr_column->set_short_text('截止日期').
gr_column ?= gr_columns->get_column( 'ZPSW' ).
gr_column->set_long_text('用户二级密码').
gr_column->set_medium_text('用户密码').
gr_column->set_short_text('密码').
gr_column ?= gr_columns->get_column( 'ZAREA' ).
gr_column->set_long_text('门店所在区域').
gr_column->set_medium_text('区域').
gr_column->set_short_text('区域').
gr_column ?= gr_columns->get_column( 'ZWERKS' ).
gr_column->set_long_text('门店编码').
gr_column->set_medium_text('门店').
gr_column->set_short_text('门店').
LCL_ALV->DISPLAY( ).
1.2 指定容器的salv（非必要）
1.新建屏幕并定义停靠容器的类cl_gui_docking_container
2.在POB写入代码
3. CL_SALV_TABLE=>FACTORY(）调用输入R_CONTAINER CONTAINER_NAME 参数，这部分知识后面再看
2. 层级ALV：CL_SALV_HIERSEQ_TABLE
DATA: LT_BINDING TYPE SALV_T_HIERSEQ_BINDING ,wa_binding like LINE OF LT_BINDING,
GR_TB TYPE REF TO CL_SALV_HIERSEQ_TABLE ,
BEGIN OF LT_H OCCURS 0,
MANDT TYPE MANDT,
ZWERKS TYPE WERKS_D,
END OF LT_H ,
BEGIN OF LT_I OCCURS 0,
MANDT TYPE MANDT,
ZWERKS TYPE WERKS_D,
ZNAME TYPE zttest_01-ZNAME,
ZDESC TYPE zttest_01-ZDESC,
ZDATE TYPE zttest_01-ZDATE,
ZAREA TYPE zttest_01-ZAREA,
END OF LT_I ,
* GS_KEYINFO type slis_keyinfo_alv,"支持5个关联关系
LS_H LIKE LINE OF LT_H,
LS_I LIKE LINE OF LT_I .
"1.KEY关联值
CLEAR wa_binding.
wa_binding-MASTER = 'MANDT'.
wa_binding-SLAVE = 'MANDT'.
APPEND wa_binding TO LT_BINDING .
CLEAR wa_binding.
wa_binding-MASTER = 'ZWERKS'.
wa_binding-SLAVE = 'ZWERKS'.
APPEND wa_binding TO LT_BINDING .
"2.数据整理
LOOP AT LT_ZTTEST ASSIGNING <FS>.
LS_H-ZWERKS = <FS>-ZWERKS.
LS_H-MANDT = <FS>-MANDT.
APPEND LS_H TO LT_H .
LS_I-MANDT = <FS>-MANDT .
LS_I-ZWERKS = <FS>-ZWERKS.
LS_I-ZNAME = <FS>-ZNAME.
LS_I-zdesc = <fs>-zdesc.
ls_i-zdate = <fs>-zdate .
ls_i-zarea = <fs>-ZAREA .
APPEND LS_I TO LT_I .
ENDLOOP.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM LT_H .
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM LT_I .
* TRY.
CALL METHOD CL_SALV_HIERSEQ_TABLE=>FACTORY "这是标准的静态调用方法，通过se38的模式可以自动生成；二上面->是快速的调用方法，在模式显示不出来
EXPORTING
T_BINDING_LEVEL1_LEVEL2 = LT_BINDING[]
IMPORTING
R_HIERSEQ = GR_TB
CHANGING
T_TABLE_LEVEL1 = LT_H[]
T_TABLE_LEVEL2 = LT_I[]
.
* CATCH CX_SALV_DATA_ERROR .
* CATCH CX_SALV_NOT_FOUND .
* ENDTRY.
"3.定义显示字段、格式等 GET_COLUMNS GET_COLUMNS GET_SORTS GET_LAYOUT等（略）
"4.执行显示函数
GR_TB->DISPLAY( ) .
3. 树状ALV
CL_GUI_ALV_TREE或者salv：cl_salv_tree + cl_salv_tree_settings 这里的树状alv相对上面FM的树状比较实用，可以调整很多内容，还是老套路，FACTORY实例化，然后调用其他方法，最后调用DISPLAY().
cl_gui_custom_container
IF C_1 = 'X'. "salv全屏不加container
data: gr_tree type ref to cl_salv_tree.
data: gt_outtab type standard table of zttest_01.
data: lo_nodes type ref to cl_salv_nodes.
data: lo_node type ref to cl_salv_node.
data: l_relate_key type lvc_nkey.
"1.根据数据创建salv树实例
try.
cl_salv_tree=>factory(
importing
r_salv_tree = gr_tree
changing
t_table = gt_outtab ). "空的表
catch CX_SALV_NO_NEW_DATA_ALLOWED CX_SALV_ERROR.
MESSAGE 'FACTORY ERR' type 'S' DISPLAY LIKE 'E'.
exit.
endtry.
"2.添加GUI 状态和按键事件
gr_tree->set_screen_status(
pfstatus = 'ZTEST_DYNPROSTA0100' "'SALV_STANDARD'
report = SY-repid
set_functions = gr_tree->c_functions_all ).
"3.FIELDCAT列名和显示格式等
data: lr_columns type ref to cl_salv_columns_tree,
lr_column type ref to cl_salv_column.
"格式
lr_columns = gr_tree->get_columns( ).
lr_columns->set_optimize( ABAP_TRUE )."自动调整
"字段名
lr_column ?= lr_columns->get_column( 'MANDT' ).
lr_column->set_technical( if_salv_c_bool_sap=>true )."直接使用技术名称（domain的名称）
lr_column ?= lr_columns->get_column( 'ZNAME' ).
lr_column->set_long_text('用户名编码'). "指定名称（因为使用char'等非sapdomain，没有技术名称
lr_column->set_medium_text('用户名').
lr_column->set_short_text('用户').
lr_column ?= lr_columns->get_column( 'ZDESC' ).
lr_column->set_long_text('用户描述').
lr_column->set_medium_text('用户名').
lr_column->set_short_text('姓名').
lr_column ?= lr_columns->get_column( 'ZDATE' ).
lr_column->set_long_text('用户截止日期').
lr_column->set_medium_text('截止日期').
lr_column->set_short_text('截止日期').
lr_column ?= lr_columns->get_column( 'ZPSW' ).
lr_column->set_long_text('用户二级密码').
lr_column->set_medium_text('用户密码').
lr_column->set_short_text('密码').
lr_column ?= lr_columns->get_column( 'ZAREA' ).
lr_column->set_long_text('门店所在区域').
lr_column->set_medium_text('区域').
lr_column->set_short_text('区域').
lr_column ?= lr_columns->get_column( 'ZWERKS' ).
lr_column->set_long_text('门店编码').
lr_column->set_medium_text('门店').
lr_column->set_short_text('门店').
"4.添加node和数据
lo_nodes = gr_tree->get_nodes( ) .
LOOP AT LT_ZTTEST ASSIGNING <fs>.
on CHANGE OF <fs>-zwerks. "主 node
lo_node = lo_nodes->add_node(
related_node = '' "关联的node
data_row = <fs> "数据行
relationship = cl_salv_nodes=>IF_SALV_C_NODE_RELATION~LAST_CHILD "关联关系 下一层子层
).
l_relate_key = lo_node->get_key( ).
endon .
on change of <fs>-zname .
lo_node = lo_nodes->add_node(
related_node = l_relate_key "关联的node ,副本node
data_row = <fs> "数据行
relationship = cl_salv_nodes=>IF_SALV_C_NODE_RELATION~LAST_CHILD "关联关系 下一层子层
).
endon.
ENDLOOP.
"5.display the table
gr_tree->display( ).
可以使用set_function来处理按键事件，这里不作重复介绍了
总结
这一节内容到此为止，后面继续找时间总结下增强等进阶知识。ALV的种类就这么多中，但是里面的内容非常多也很实用，大家项目中可以根据业务需求，在se24里面看看细节，修行靠个人。此外sap本身有很多demo程序，可以在se38输入关键字+demo找找用来学习。
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