shell 学习 2018-05-25

编程是一种思想。

现在时间是15点56，都没多少时间了

1， echo 一些诡异的变量

vim strange01.sh

  1 #!/bin/bash 
  2 # weirdvars.sh: echo 诡异的变量
  3 
  4 var="'(]\\{}\$\""
  5 echo $var # '(]\{}$" 
  6 echo "$var" # '(]\{}$" 并没有什么不同 
  7 
  8 echo
  9 
 10 IFS='\'
 11 echo $var # '(] {}$" \ 转换成空格了?明显和 IFS 有关系么!又不傻!
 12 echo "$var" # '(]\{}$"
 13 
 14 exit 0
 15 

vim test504.sh

1 #!/bin/bash
  2 # ex18.sh
  3 
  4 # Does a 'whois domain-name' lookup on any of 3 alternate servers:
  5 # ripe.net, cw.net, radb.net
  6 
  7 # 把这个脚本重命名为'wh',然后放到/usr/local/bin 下
  8 
  9 # 需要 3 个符号链接
 10 # ln -s /usr/local/bin/wh /usr/local/bin/wh-ripe
 11 # ln -s /usr/local/bin/wh /usr/local/bin/wh-cw
 12 # ln -s /usr/local/bin/wh /usr/local/bin/wh-radb 
 13 
 14 E_NOARGS=65
 15 if [ -z "$1" ]
 16 then
 17   echo "Usage: `basename $0` [domain-name]" 
 18   exit $E_NOARGS
 19 fi
 20 
 21 # Check script name and call proper server. 
 22 case `basename $0` in # Or: case ${0##*/} in 
 23   "wh" ) whois $1@whois.ripe.net;;
 24   "wh-ripe") whois $1@whois.ripe.net;;
 25   "wh-radb") whois $1@whois.radb.net;;
 26   "wh-cw" ) whois $1@whois.cw.net;;
 27   * ) echo "Usage: `basename $0` [domain-name]";;
 28  esac
 29 
 30 exit $?

转义符

vim escaped.sh:

1 #!/bin/bash
  2 # escaped.sh: 转义符
  3 
  4 echo; echo 
  5 echo "\v\v\v\v" # 逐字的打印\v\v\v\v . 
  6 
  7 # 使用-e 选项的 echo 命令来打印转义符
  8 echo "=============" 
  9 
 10 echo "VERTICAL TABS"
 11 echo -e "\v\v\v\v" # Prints 4 vertical tabs.
 12 
 13 echo "=============="   
 14 echo "QUOTATION MARK"
 15 
 16 echo -e "\042" # 打印" (引号, 8 进制的 ASCII 码就是 42). 
 17 echo "==============" 
 18 
 19 # The $'\X' construct makes the -e option unnecessary.
 20 # 如果使用$'\X'结构,那-e 选项就不必要了
 21 
 22 echo; echo "NEWLINE AND BEEP"
 23 echo $'\n' # 新行.
 24 echo $'\a' # Alert (beep). 
 25 
 26 echo "==============="
 27 echo "QUOTATION MARKS"
 28 # 版本 2 以后 Bash 允许使用$'\nnn'结构
 29 # 注意这种情况,'\nnn\是 8 进制
 30 echo $'\t \042 \t' # Quote (") framed by tabs.
 31 
 32 # 当然,也可以使用 16 进制的值,使用$'\xhhh' 结构
echo $'\t \x22 \t' # Quote (") framed by tabs.
 34 
 35 # 早一点的 Bash 版本允许'\x022'这种形式
 36 echo "==============="
 37 echo
 38 
 39 
 40 # 分配 ASCII 字符到变量中
 41 # ---------------------
 42 quote=$'\042' # \042 是",分配到变量中
 43 echo "$quote This is a quoted string, $quote and this lies outside the quotes."
 44 
 45 echo
 46 
 47 # Concatenating ASCII chars in a variable.
 48 # 变量中的连续的 ASCII char.
 49 triple_underline=$'\137\137\137' # 137 是 8 进制的 ASCII 码'_'. 
 50 
 51 echo "$triple_underline UNDERLINE $triple_underline"
 52 
 53 echo
 54 
 55 ABC=$'\101\102\103\010' # 101, 102, 103 是 8 进制的码 A, B, C.
 56 echo $ABC
 57 
 58 echo; echo
 59 
 60 escape=$'\033' # 033 是 8 进制码 for escape.
 61 echo "\"escape\" echoes as $escape"
 62 #"escape" echoes as 没有变量被输出
 63 
 64 
 65 exit 0

\v\v\v\v
=============
VERTICAL TABS





==============
QUOTATION MARK
"
==============

NEWLINE AND BEEP



===============
QUOTATION MARKS
	 " 	
	 " 	
===============

" This is a quoted string, " and this lies outside the quotes.

___ UNDERLINE ___

ABC


"escape" echoes as 

vim escaped01.sh

 1 #!/bin/bash 
  2 
  3 echo "hello"  # hello
  4 echo "\"hello\",he said" # "hello" he said
  5 
  6 # $号本身,跟在\$后的变量名,将不能扩展
  7 echo "\$vort01" # 结果是 $vort01
  8 # \号本身.
  9 echo "\\" # 结果是\ 
 10 
 11 echo \z # z
 12 echo \\z #\z
 13 echo '\z' # \z
 14 echo '\\z' # \\z
 15 echo "\z" #\z
 16 echo "\\z" #\z 
 17 
 18 # # 命令替换 echo `echo \z` # z
 19 echo `echo \\z` # z
 20 echo `echo \\\z` # \z
 21 echo `echo \\\\z` # \z
 22 echo `echo \\\\\\z` # \z
 23 echo `echo \\\\\\\z` # \\z
 24 echo `echo "\z"` # \z
 25 echo `echo "\\z"` # \z 
 26 
 27 # Here document 
 28 cat <<EOF
 29 \z
 30 EOF 
 31 
 32 cat <<EOF

 33 \\z
 34 EOF

效果：

hello
"hello",he said
$vort01
\
z
\z
\z
\\z
\z
\z
z
\z
\z
\z
\\z
\z
\z
./escaped01.sh: line 34: warning: here-document at line 28 delimited by end-of-file (wanted `EOF')
\z
EOF 

cat <<EOF
\z
EOF  

vim escaped02.sh

1 #!/bin/bash 
  2 variable=\
  3 echo "$variable"
  4 # Will not work - gives an error message:
  5 # 将不能正常工作- 将给出一个错误消息:
  6 # test.sh: : command not found
  7 # 一个"裸体的" 转义符将不能够安全的分配给变量.
  8 #
  9 # What actually happens here is that the "\" escapes the newline and
 10 # 这里其实真正发生的是 variable=\,这句被 shell 认为是没有完成,\被认为是一个续行符
 11 #+ 这样,下边的这句 echo,也被认为是上一行的补充.所以,总的来说就是一个非法变量分配
 12 
 13 variable=\
 14 23skidoo
 15 echo "$variable" # 23skidoo
 16 # 这句就可以使用,因为这是一个合法的变量分配
 17 
 18 variable=\
 19 # \^ 转义一个空格 
 20 
 21 echo "$variable" # 显示空格
 22 
 23 variable=\\
 24 echo "$variable" # \
 25 
 26 variable=\\\
 27 echo "$variable"
 28 # 不能正常工作,给出一个错误
 29 # test.sh: \: command not found
 30 #
 31 # 第一个转义符把第 2 个\转义了,但是第 3 个又变成"裸体的"了,
 32 #+ 与上边的例子的原因相同

 33 
 34 variable=\\\\
 35 echo "$variable" # \\
 36 # 转了两个\
 37 # 没问题

效果：

./escaped02.sh: line 3: : command not found
23skidoo
./escaped02.sh: line 19: ^: command not found
23skidoo
\
./escaped02.sh: line 27: \: command not found
\\

扩展性操作：

进程查看

vim process.sh

1  #!/bin/bash  
  2 
  3 name="$1"
  4 
  5 echo
  6 
  7 
  8 if [ -n $name ]
  9 then
 10  ps -ef |grep $name
 11 fi
 12 
 13 exit 0

如查看tomcat: