shell编程学习 2018-06-02

哈哈哈

1,$IFS 和空白

vim IFSandNull.sh

 1 #!/bin/bash 
  2 # $IFS 处理空白的方法,与处理其它字符不同. 
  3 
  4 output_args_one_per_line()
  5 {
  6    for arg
  7    do echo "[$arg]"
  8    done
  9 }
 10 
 11 echo; echo "IFS=\" \""
 12 echo "-------" 
 13 
 14 IFS=" "
 15 var="a  b c"
 16 
 17 output_args_one_per_line $var # output_args_one_per_line `echo " a b c "` 
 18 #
 19 # [a]
 20 # [b]
 21 # [c]
 22 
 23 echo; echo "IFS=:"
 24 echo "-----"
 25 
 26 IFS=:;
 27 var=":a::b:c:::"
 28 output_args_one_per_line $var
 29 
 30 echo
 31 exit 0

结果：

2，$REPLY read 命令如果没有给变量,那么输入将保存在$REPLY 中.在 select 菜单中也可用,但是只 提供选择的变量的项数,而不是变量本身的值.

 1 #!/bin/bash 
  2 # reply.sh
  3 
  4 # REPLY 是'read'命令结果保存的默认变量.  \
  5 echo
  6 echo -n "What is your favorite vegetable? "
  7 read
  8 
  9 echo "Your favorite vegetable is $REPLY."
 10 # 当且仅当在没有变量提供给"read"命令时,
 11 #+ REPLY 才保存最后一个"read"命令读入的值.  
 12 
 13 echo
 14 echo -n "What is your favorite fruit? "
 15 read fruit
 16 echo "Your favorite fruit is $fruit."
 17 echo "but..."
 18 echo "Value of \$REPLY is still $REPLY."
 19 # $REPLY 还是保存着上一个 read 命令的值,
 20 #+ 因为变量$fruit 被传入到了这个新的"read"命令中.
 21 
 22 echo
 23 
 24 exit 0

结果：

这个脚本已经运行的时间

vim runtime.sh

 1 # !/bi/bash
  2 # runtime.sh 脚本运行时间
  3 
  4 TIME_LIMIT=10
  5 INTERVAL=1
  6 
  7 echo
  8 echo "Hit Control-C to exit before $TIME_LIMIT seconds."
  9 echo
 10 
 11 while [ "$SECONDS" -le "$TIME_LIMIT" ]
 12 do
 13  if [ "$SECONDS" -eq 1 ]
 14  then
 15    units=second
 16  else
 17    units=seconds
 18  fi
 19 
 20 echo "This script has been running $SECONDS $units."
 21 # 在一台比较慢的或者是负载很大的机器上,这个脚本可能会跳过几次循环
 22 #+ 在一个 while 循环中.
 23 sleep $INTERVAL
 24 done
 25 
 26 echo -e "\a" # Beep!
 27 
 28 exit 0

结果：