Getter and setter

Getter & Setter

案例

修改 hp 值

Player.java

public class Player {
    public int atk;
    public int def;
    public int hp;
    
    public void trace(){
        System.out.println("atk:" + atk + ", def:" + def);
    }
}

Game.java

public class Game {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Game().run();
    }
    
    public void run(){
        Player player1 = new Player();
        Player player2 = new Player();
        
        player1.atk = 100;
        player1.def = 100;
        player1.hp  = 100;
        player2.atk = 100;
        player2.def = 100;
        player2.hp  = 100;
        
        int damage = 200;
        player1.hp -= damage;
        player2.hp -= damage;
    }
}

hp 修改保护

Game.java

public class Game {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Game().run();
    }
    
    public void run(){
        Player player1 = new Player();
        Player player2 = new Player();
        
        player1.atk = 100;
        player1.def = 100;
        player1.hp  = 100;
        player2.atk = 100;
        player2.def = 100;
        player2.hp  = 100;
        
        int damage = 200;
        player1.hp -= damage;
        if (player1.hp < 0) {
            player1.hp = 0;
        }
        player2.hp -= damage;
        if (player2.hp < 0) {
            player2.hp = 0;
        }
    }
}

使用 Setter 对修改进行保护

Player.java

public class Player {
    public int atk;
    public int def;
    public int hp;
    
    public void trace(){
        System.out.println("atk:" + atk + ", def:" + def);
    }
    
    public void setHp(int hp){
        if (hp < 0) {
            hp = 0;
        }
        this.hp = hp;
    }
}

Game.java

public class Game {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Game().run();
    }
    
    public void run(){
        Player player1 = new Player();
        Player player2 = new Player();
        
        player1.atk = 100;
        player1.def = 100;
        player1.hp  = 100;
        player2.atk = 100;
        player2.def = 100;
        player2.hp  = 100;
        
        int damage = 200;
        player1.setHp(player1.hp - damage);
        player2.setHp(player2.hp - damage);
    }
}

是什么

针对属性的访问和赋值的专用方法（一套）

getter

用于取值

// 使用前
int value = player.hp;

// 使用后
int value = player.getHp();

setter

用于赋值

// 使用前
player.hp = 200;

// 使用后 
player.setHp(200);

固定格式

// Getter
public 属性类型作为返回值类型 getXxxxXxx(){
    return xxxxXxx;
}

// Setter
public void setXxxxXxx(属性类型作为参数类型 xxxxXxx){
    this.xxxxXxx = xxxxXxx;
}

访问控制

拒绝直接访问

属性前面改为 private

只读属性

不提供 setter

赋值保护

setter加代码

内部属性

不提供 setter 也不提供 getter

类结构

所有属性 private

所有方法 public

public class 类名 {
    private 属性类型 属性名;
    public 返回值类型 方法名(参数1类型 参数1名,...){
        //方法的执行代码
    }
    public getters & setters
}

完全使用 Getter Setter 的代码

Player.java

public class Player {
    private int atk;
    private int def;
    private int hp;
    
    public void trace(){
        System.out.println("atk:" + atk + ", def:" + def);
    }
    
    public int getAtk(){
        return atk;
    }
    
    public void setAtk(int atk){
        this.atk = atk;
    }
    
    public int getDef(){
        return def;
    }
    
    public void setDef(int def){
        this.def = def
    }
    
    public int getHp(){
        return hp;
    }
   
    public void setHp(int hp){
        if (hp < 0) {
            hp = 0;
        }
        this.hp = hp;
    }
}

Game.java

public class Game {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Game().run();
    }
    
    public void run(){
        Player player1 = new Player();
        Player player2 = new Player();
        
        player1.setAtk(100);
        player1.setDef(100);
        player1.setHp(100);
        player2.setAtk(100);
        player2.setDef(100);
        player2.setHp(100);
        
        int damage = 200;
        player1.setHp(player1.getHp() - damage);
        player2.setHp(player2.getHp() - damage);
    }
}

快捷键

写 Getter Setter 时 要使用快捷键避免不必要的错误