@Transactional失效的场景及原理

1.@Transactional修饰的方法为非public方法，这个时候@Transactional会实现。
失败的原理是：@Transactional是基于动态代理来实现的，非public的方法，他@Transactional的动态代理对象信息为空，所以不能回滚。
2.在类内部没有添加@Transactional的方法，调用了@Transactional方法时，当你调用是，他也不会回滚
测试代码如下

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<UserEntity> implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    @Transactional
    public void insertOne() {
        UserEntity userEntity = new UserEntity();
        userEntity.setUsername("Michael_C_2019");
        //插入到数据库
        userMapper.insertSelective(userEntity);
        //手动抛出异常
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
    }

    @Override
    public void saveOne() {
        insertOne();
    }
}

失败的原理：@Transactional是基于动态代理对象来实现的，而在类内部的方法的调用是通过this关键字来实现的，没有经过动态代理对象，所以事务回滚失效。
3.就是在@Transactional方法内部捕获了异常，没有在catch代码块里面重新抛出异常，事务也不会回滚。
代码如下：

@Override
    @Transactional
    public void insertOne() {
        try {
            UserEntity userEntity = new UserEntity();
            userEntity.setUsername("Michael_C_2019");
            //插入到数据库
            userMapper.insertSelective(userEntity);
            //手动抛出异常
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

所以在阿里巴巴的Java开发者手册里面有明确规定，在 @Transactional的方法里面捕获了异常，必须要手动回滚，
代码如下：

 @Override
    @Transactional
    public void insertOne() {
        try {
            UserEntity userEntity = new UserEntity();
            userEntity.setUsername("Michael_C_2019");
            //插入到数据库
            userMapper.insertSelective(userEntity);
            //手动抛出异常
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            TransactionAspectSupport.currentTransactionStatus().setRollbackOnly();
        }
    }

失败原理：这时候我们来看看spring的源码：
TransactionAspectSupport类里面的invokeWithinTransaction方法

TransactionAspectSupport

@Nullable
    protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass, TransactionAspectSupport.InvocationCallback invocation) throws Throwable {
        TransactionAttributeSource tas = this.getTransactionAttributeSource();
        TransactionAttribute txAttr = tas != null ? tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) : null;
        PlatformTransactionManager tm = this.determineTransactionManager(txAttr);
        String joinpointIdentification = this.methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr);
        Object result;
        if (txAttr != null && tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) {
            TransactionAspectSupport.ThrowableHolder throwableHolder = new TransactionAspectSupport.ThrowableHolder(null);

            try {
                result = ((CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)tm).execute(txAttr, (status) -> {
                    TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo = this.prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);

                    Object var9;
                    try {
                        Object var8 = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
                        return var8;
                    } catch (Throwable var13) {
                        if (txAttr.rollbackOn(var13)) {
                            if (var13 instanceof RuntimeException) {
                                throw (RuntimeException)var13;
                            }

                            throw new TransactionAspectSupport.ThrowableHolderException(var13);
                        }

                        throwableHolder.throwable = var13;
                        var9 = null;
                    } finally {
                        this.cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
                    }

                    return var9;
                });
                if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
                    throw throwableHolder.throwable;
                } else {
                    return result;
                }
            } catch (TransactionAspectSupport.ThrowableHolderException var19) {
                throw var19.getCause();
            } catch (TransactionSystemException var20) {
                if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
                    this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
                    var20.initApplicationException(throwableHolder.throwable);
                }

                throw var20;
            } catch (Throwable var21) {
                if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
                    this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
                }

                throw var21;
            }
        } else {
            TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo = this.createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
            result = null;

            try {
                result = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
            } catch (Throwable var17) {
              //异常时，在catch逻辑中回滚事务
                this.completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, var17);
                throw var17;
            } finally {
                this.cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
            }

            this.commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
            return result;
        }
    }

他是通过捕获异常然后在catch里面进行事务的回滚的，所以如果你在自己的方法里面catch了异常，catch里面没有抛出新的异常，那么事务将不会回滚。