本文详细介绍了Docker的安装步骤，包括从官方网站下载安装包并进行配置。同时，深入探讨了Docker的启动过程及常见环境变量设置。此外，还提供了如何使用Docker命令行界面来拉取、运行和管理镜像的实例，如hello-world和python镜像的使用。通过本文，读者可以了解Docker的基本操作和解决一些常见的错误。
安装
docker下载地址 ：https://github.com/boot2docker/windows-installer/releases
一路next即可。
启动
点击boot2Docker start :
copying initial boot2docker.iso (run "boot2docker.exe download" to update)
initializing...
WARNING: The 'boot2docker' command line interface (not to be confused with
'boot2docker' the operating system) is officially deprecated.
Please switch to Docker Machine (https://docs.docker.com/machine/) ASAP.
Docker Toolbox (https://docker.com/toolbox) is the recommended install method.
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in C:\Users\lenovo\.ssh\id_boot2docker.
Your public key has been saved in C:\Users\lenovo\.ssh\id_boot2docker.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:w3r2gNIgLUZw5c8GT/1umF9w9GtD9PPYI2GpMTaV4VE lenovo@YXY-SZ-047
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|. ... o.E |
| o . . . + |
| . o . . .+. |
| . . * . . ..o.. |
| + o = S o=.+o..|
| . o + o =.o*..+o|
| . + * o...=.o|
| . o = . ....|
| o |
+----[SHA256]-----+
Initialization of virtual machine "boot2docker-vm" complete.
Use `boot2docker up` to start it.
starting...
WARNING: The 'boot2docker' command line interface (not to be confused with
'boot2docker' the operating system) is officially deprecated.
Please switch to Docker Machine (https://docs.docker.com/machine/) ASAP.
Docker Toolbox (https://docker.com/toolbox) is the recommended install method.
Waiting for VM and Docker daemon to start...
.......................oooooooooooo
Started.
Writing C:\Users\lenovo\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\ca.pem
Writing C:\Users\lenovo\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\cert.pem
Writing C:\Users\lenovo\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\key.pem
To connect the Docker client to the Docker daemon, please set:
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1
export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.59.103:2376
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH='C:\Users\lenovo\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm'
Or run: `eval "$(boot2docker shellinit)"`
IP address of docker VM:
192.168.59.103
setting environment variables ...
Writing C:\Users\lenovo\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\ca.pem
Writing C:\Users\lenovo\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\cert.pem
Writing C:\Users\lenovo\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\key.pem
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH='C:\\Users\\lenovo\\.boot2docker\\certs\\boot2docker-vm'
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1
export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.59.103:2376
You can now use `docker` directly, or `boot2docker ssh` to log into the VM.
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$
然后输入docker：
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
docker daemon [ --help | ... ]
docker [ --help | -v | --version ]
A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
Options:
-b, --bridge Attach containers to a virtual switch
--config=%USERPROFILE%\.docker Location of client config files
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host=[] Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-h, --help Print usage
-l, --log-level=info Set the logging level
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert=%USERPROFILE%\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\ca.pem Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert=%USERPROFILE%\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\cert.pem Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey=%USERPROFILE%\.boot2docker\certs\boot2docker-vm\key.pem Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify=true Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on a container or image
kill Kill a running container
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Register or log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
network Manage Docker networks
pause Pause all processes within a container
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart a container
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save an image(s) to a tar archive
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop a running container
tag Tag an image into a repository
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within a container
update Update resources of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
volume Manage Docker volumes
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
可看到docker的各种命令，具体用法可参考： http://www.runoob.com/docker/docker-command-manual.html
报错一：
Error response from daemon: client is newer than server (client API version: 1.22, server API version: 1.20)
查看版本：
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker version
Client:
Version: 1.10.0
API version: 1.22
Go version: go1.5.3
Git commit: 590d5108
Built: Thu Feb 4 18:18:11 2016
OS/Arch: windows/amd64
Error response from daemon: client is newer than server (client API version: 1.22, server API version: 1.20)
将server的版本设置为客服端的版本：
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ export DOCKER_API_VERSION=1.20
再次查看不再报错，可显示完整的client和server版本信息：
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker version
Client:
Version: 1.10.0
API version: 1.20
Go version: go1.5.3
Git commit: 590d5108
Built: Thu Feb 4 18:18:11 2016
OS/Arch: windows/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.8.0
API version: 1.20
Go version: go1.4.2
Git commit: 0d03096
Built: Tue Aug 11 17:17:40 UTC 2015
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
镜像
查看镜像：
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
上面显示镜像为空。
创建hello-world的镜像
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
65b27d3bd74d: Pulling fs layer
9f5834b25059: Pulling fs layer
65b27d3bd74d: Verifying Checksum
65b27d3bd74d: Download complete
9f5834b25059: Verifying Checksum
9f5834b25059: Download complete
65b27d3bd74d: Pull complete
9f5834b25059: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fb158b7ad66f4d58aa66c4455858230cd2eab4cdf29b13e5c3628a6bfc2e9f05
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
再次查看镜像：
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest 9f5834b25059 2 weeks ago 0 B
运行镜像
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
python
查找python相关库
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker search python
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
python Python is an interpreted, interactive, obj... 3814 [OK]
django Django is a free web application framework... 784 [OK]
pypy PyPy is a fast, compliant alternative impl... 162 [OK]
kaggle/python Docker image for Python scripts run on Kaggle 106 [OK]
frolvlad/alpine-python3 The smallest Docker image with Python 3.5 ... 94 [OK]
azuresdk/azure-cli-python For official Azure CLI 2.0 builds, see htt... 37 [OK]
centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3... 33
arm32v7/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, obj... 32
amazon/aws-eb-python AWS Elastic Beanstalk Python Image 24
circleci/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, obj... 21
joyzoursky/python-chromedriver Python with Chromedriver, for running auto... 19 [OK]
centos/python-36-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3... 14
centos/python-27-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 2... 12
iron/python Tiny Python Microcontainer 9
microsoft/azure-functions-python3.6 Azure functions python image 8 [OK]
dockershelf/python Repository for docker images of Python. Te... 4 [OK]
publicisworldwide/python-conda Basic Python environments with Conda. 4 [OK]
bitnami/python Bitnami Python Docker Image 3 [OK]
komand/python-plugin DEPRECATED: Komand Python SDK 2 [OK]
civisanalytics/civis-jupyter-python3 Custom Jupyter Notebook image for Python 3 2 [OK]
centos/python-34-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3... 2
civisanalytics/civis-jupyter-python2 Custom Jupyter Notebook image for Python 2. 1 [OK]
qbtrade/python python 3.5.0 with requirements 0
saagie/python Repo for python jobs 0
openshift/python-33-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Python v3.3 im... 0
安装python3.7
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker pull python:3.7
3.7: Pulling from library/python
7494d6c99127: Pulling fs layer
91625a8bb3d1: Pulling fs layer
85aa73fb8281: Pulling fs layer
3885fb7cb6a1: Pulling fs layer
aba0ac73d38a: Pulling fs layer
6f2ae6b13c28: Pulling fs layer
6d983f4694d3: Pulling fs layer
f3cbf41ff683: Pulling fs layer
9eb9326b64f8: Pulling fs layer
253214bd8118: Pulling fs layer
d63a7e7f4d17: Pulling fs layer
e72018435fda: Pulling fs layer
c8b13b0f5899: Pulling fs layer
2b89411a969a: Pulling fs layer
c00804d4f8dd: Pulling fs layer
5170766652ea: Pulling fs layer
2b89411a969a: Verifying Checksum
2b89411a969a: Download complete
c8b13b0f5899: Verifying Checksum
c8b13b0f5899: Download complete
91625a8bb3d1: Verifying Checksum
91625a8bb3d1: Download complete
d63a7e7f4d17: Verifying Checksum
d63a7e7f4d17: Download complete
253214bd8118: Verifying Checksum
253214bd8118: Download complete
f3cbf41ff683: Verifying Checksum
f3cbf41ff683: Download complete
6d983f4694d3: Verifying Checksum
6d983f4694d3: Download complete
5170766652ea: Verifying Checksum
5170766652ea: Download complete
c00804d4f8dd: Verifying Checksum
c00804d4f8dd: Download complete
9eb9326b64f8: Verifying Checksum
9eb9326b64f8: Download complete
3885fb7cb6a1: Verifying Checksum
3885fb7cb6a1: Download complete
85aa73fb8281: Verifying Checksum
85aa73fb8281: Download complete
e72018435fda: Verifying Checksum
e72018435fda: Download complete
7494d6c99127: Verifying Checksum
7494d6c99127: Download complete
7494d6c99127: Pull complete
91625a8bb3d1: Pull complete
85aa73fb8281: Pull complete
3885fb7cb6a1: Pull complete
aba0ac73d38a: Verifying Checksum
aba0ac73d38a: Download complete
aba0ac73d38a: Pull complete
6f2ae6b13c28: Verifying Checksum
6f2ae6b13c28: Download complete
6f2ae6b13c28: Pull complete
6d983f4694d3: Pull complete
f3cbf41ff683: Pull complete
9eb9326b64f8: Pull complete
253214bd8118: Pull complete
d63a7e7f4d17: Pull complete
e72018435fda: Pull complete
c8b13b0f5899: Pull complete
2b89411a969a: Pull complete
c00804d4f8dd: Pull complete
5170766652ea: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:28c9956a820177d57f22a86c73397ac92dfe0dbb2b2359a402ec742a048c93a5
Status: Downloaded newer image for python:3.7
查看镜像：
lenovo@YXY-SZ-047 MINGW64 ~ (master)
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
python 3.7 5170766652ea 8 days ago 0 B
hello-world latest 9f5834b25059 2 weeks ago 0 B
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