orcle数据库中的例外（异常）

orcle数据库里有类似java exception类的情况，这时候需要捕获exception，相当于java中的try。。。catch

系统例外：

1.no_data_found         一般用于select查找数据库中不存在的值时，即没有找到数据

set serverout on
declare
pname emp.ename%type;
begin
  select ename into pname from emp where empno=1234;

  exception
  when no_data_found then dbms_output.put_line('can not found antthing');
  when others then dbms_output.put_line('exception others');
end;

2.too_many_rows   匹配了太多行

set serverout on
declare

pename emp.ename%type;
begin
   select ename into pename from emp where Deptno = 10;
   exception
   when too_many_rows then
   dbms_output.put_line('pename matchs too many rows');
   when others then
   dbms_output.put_line('exception others');
end;

3.zero_divide    0不能做除数

set serverout on
declare

pnum number;
begin
pnum:=1/0;
exception 
when zero_divide then  
dbms_output.put_line('zero can not be this one!');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('exception others');

end;

4.value_error      算数或转换错误

set serveroutput on
declare
pnum number;
begin
pnum:='abc';
exception
when value_error then 
dbms_output.put_line('changes wrong!');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('exception others');
end;

自定义例外

例外和变量一样是可以自己声明，定义的。当抛出例外（异常）的时候，直接跳到exception那里，关闭游标不执行了怎么办。orcle会自动调用一个进程，关闭游标。

set serveroutput on
declare

  cursor cemp is select ename from emp where Deptno=50;
  pename emp.ename%type;
  no_emp_found exception;
begin
  open cemp;
   fetch cemp into pename;
   if cemp%notfound then
     raise no_emp_found;
   end if;  

  close cemp;
  
exception
  when no_emp_found then 
   dbms_output.put_line('can not found employee!');
  when others then 
    dbms_output.put_line('except others');
end;