cctype函数（isalpha，isdigits，isspace，ispunct......）

// cctypes.cpp -- using the ctype.h library
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>              // prototypes for character functions
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    cout << "Enter text for analysis, and type @"
            " to terminate input.\n";
    char ch;  
    int whitespace = 0;
    int digits = 0;
    int chars = 0;
    int punct = 0;
    int others = 0;

    cin.get(ch);                // get first character
    while (ch != '@')            // test for sentinel
    {
        if(isalpha(ch))         // is it an alphabetic character?
            chars++;
        else if(isspace(ch))    // is it a whitespace character?
            whitespace++;
        else if(isdigit(ch))    // is it a digit?
            digits++;
        else if(ispunct(ch))    // is it punctuation?
            punct++;
        else
            others++;
        cin.get(ch);            // get next character
    }
    cout << chars << " letters, "
         << whitespace << " whitespace, "
         << digits << " digits, "
         << punct << " punctuations, "
         << others << " others.\n";
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0; 
}

测试字符是否为字母、数字、空白、标点等等

相比if（‘a’<=ch&&ch<='z'||'A'<=ch&&ch<='Z'）方便