Java label标签(精简版goto)

参考来自<< Thinking in java >> 一书

让我们看一个例子:

public static void main(String[] args) {
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			System.out.println("i = " + i);
			for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				if (j == 1) {
					continue;
				}
				System.out.println("j = " + j);
			}
		}
	}
	//output: 
// i = 0   j = 0  j = 2
//i = 1   j = 0  j = 2
//i = 2   j = 0   j = 2
//i = 3   j = 0  j = 2

标签是后面跟有冒号的标识符

label:

同上如果使用了标签,那么此时的输出是什么呢?

public static void main(String[] args) {
		found: for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			System.out.println("i = " + i);
			for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				if (j == 1) {
					continue found;
				}
				System.out.println("j = " + j);
			}
		}
	}
	//output:
	//i = 0  j = 0 
	//  i = 1 j = 0
	// i = 2  j = 0
	//i = 3  j = 0

我们看到了在 continue执行处直接移动到了外层循环标签处,执行下一次循环.同理break的执行结果也类似.

public static void main(String[] args) {
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			System.out.println("i = " + i);
			for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				if (j == 1) {
					break;
				}
				System.out.println("j = " + j);
			}
		}
	}
//output:
//i = 0  j = 0
//i = 1  j = 0
//	i = 2  j = 0
//i = 3  j = 0

//使用了标签的例子
public static void main(String[] args) {
		found:for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			System.out.println("i = " + i);
			for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				if (j == 1) {
					break found;
				}
				System.out.println("j = " + j);
			}
		}
	}
	//output
	// i = 0   j=0 

我们这里引用一个<< Thinking in Java >>里面的例子来看看在while循环里面的应用:

public static void main(String[] args) {
		int i = 0;
		outer: while (true) {
			print("Outer while loop");
			while (true) {
				i++;
				print("i = " + i);
				if (i == 1) {
					print("continue");
					continue;
				}
				if (i == 3) {
					print("continue outer");
					continue outer;
				}
				if (i == 5) {
					print("break");
					break;
				}
				if (i == 7) {
					print("break outer");
					break outer;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	/*
	 * Output: Outer while loop    i = 1    continue   i = 2   i = 3   continue   outer Outer
	 * while loop   i = 4   i = 5   break   Outer while loop   i = 6   i = 7   break outer
	 */// :~

总结:

1. 在Java里面需要使用标签的理由就是因为有循环嵌套的存在,而且想从多层嵌套中break或continue.
2. 标签起作用的唯一地方刚好是在迭代语句之前."刚好之前"的意思表明,在标签和迭代之间置入任何语句都不好.