Java发送各种HTTP请求

写了一个 HttpUtil 工具类，精简版的，没有具体测试，有兴趣可以自行完善。

代码说明：

• HttpClients.createDefault() 获取到的是类 CloseableHttpClient 的子类 InternalHttpClient 的实例，它是线程安全的，因为在类上面标注了，且不能被继承。
• 使用 CloseableHttpClient 发送请求，会自动调用 PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager 来管理连接，请求完成后，会释放连接，但不会关闭连接。
• 使用 ResponseHandler 可以简化代码，不用手动去解析请求返回结果 HttpResponse 以及 HttpEntity，也不用手动关闭 HttpEntity 的文本流，ResponseHandler 都帮我们做了，它的实现类 BasicResponseHandler 也是线程安全的。

package com.example.springboot01.util;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpUtil {

    public static final CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    public static final ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler();

    /**
     * get请求
     * @param url 请求地址
     * @return 返回结果
     * @throws IOException 请求异常
     */
    public static String doGet(String url) throws IOException {
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        return httpClient.execute(httpGet, responseHandler);
    }

    /**
     * post请求
     * @param url 请求地址
     * @param paramMap 请求参数
     * @return 返回结果
     * @throws IOException 请求异常
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        List<NameValuePair> pairList = setHttpParams(paramMap);
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, "UTF-8"));
        return httpClient.execute(httpPost, responseHandler);
    }

    /**
     * put请求
     * @param url 请求地址
     * @param params 请求参数
     * @return 返回结果
     * @throws IOException 请求异常
     */
    public static String doPut(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws IOException {
        HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
        List<NameValuePair> pairList = setHttpParams(params);
        httpPut.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, "UTF-8"));
        return httpClient.execute(httpPut, responseHandler);
    }

    /**
     * delete请求
     * @param url 请求地址
     * @return 返回结果
     * @throws IOException 请求异常
     */
    public static String doDelete(String url) throws IOException {
        HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
        return httpClient.execute(httpDelete, responseHandler);
    }

    /**
     * 设置请求参数
     */
    private static List<NameValuePair> setHttpParams(Map<String, String> paramMap) {
        List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : paramMap.entrySet()) {
            pairList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
        }
        return pairList;
    }

}