廖雪峰python教程学习之习题解析

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-23 19:02:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-23 19:02:59 发布

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分类专栏：自动化运维 python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_34789167/article/details/81129040

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第一天

条件判断练习测试

# 小明身高1.75，体重80.5kg。请根据BMI公式（体重除以身高的平方）帮小明计算他的BMI指数，并根据BMI指数：
# 低于18.5：过轻
# 18.5-25：正常
# 25-28：过重
# 28-32：肥胖
# 高于32：严重肥胖
# 用if-elif判断并打印结果：

def exp_if():
    height = 1.75
    weight = 80.5
    bmi = weight/(height*height)

    if bmi<18.5:
        print("you BMI is {}".format(bmi))
    elif bmi<=25:
        print("you BMI is {},正常".format(bmi))
    elif bmi<=28:
        print("you BMI is {},过重".format(bmi))
    elif bmi<=32:
        print("you BMI is {},肥胖".format(bmi))
    else:
        print("you BMI is \t{:.3f},严重肥胖".format(bmi))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    exp_if()

利用列表或者元组实现循环

names = ['Michael', 'Bob', 'Tracy']
for name in names:
    print(name)

sum = 0
for x in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]:
    sum = sum + x
print(sum)

##实现计算0+1+2++100
sum=0
for i in range(101):
    sum=sum+i
print(sum)

计算100以内所有奇数之和

#法一：
sum=0
for i in range(1,100,2):
    sum=sum+i
print (sum)

#法二：
sum=0
i=1
while i<101 :
    sum=sum+i
    i=i+2
print(sum)

标准化输出格式打印练习

#请利用循环依次对list中的每个名字打印出Hello, xxx!：
L = ['Bart', 'Lisa', 'Adam']
len=len(L)
for i in range(len):
    print("Hello {}".format(L[i]))

利用.format{}实现标准化输出格式定义

print "{:.2f}".format(3.1415926) #3.14,保留小数点后两位
print "{:+.2f}".format(3.1415926) #+3.14 带符号保留小数点后两位
print "{:+.2f}".format(-10) #-10.00 带符号保留小数点后两位
print "{:+.0f}".format(-10.00) #-10  不带小数
print "{:0>2d}".format(1) #01 数字补零 (填充左边, 宽度为2)
print "{:x<2d}".format(1) #1x 数字补x (填充右边, 宽度为4)
print "{:x<4d}".format(10) #10xx 数字补x (填充右边, 宽度为4)
print "{:,}".format(1000000) #1,000,000 以逗号分隔的数字格式
print "{:.2%}".format(0.12) #12.00% 百分比格式
print "{:.2e}".format(1000000) #1.00e+06 指数记法
print "{:<10d}".format(10) #10 左对齐 (宽度为10)
print "{:>10d}".format(10) #        10 右对齐 (默认, 宽度为10)
print "{:^10d}".format(10) #    10 中间对齐 (宽度为10)

字典使用

d = {'Michael': 95, 'Bob': 75, 'Tracy': 85}

判断是否在字典中

def test_dict():
    SC={"Anan":"90","Ping":"88","Ling":"83"}
    print(SC['Ping'])
    print(SC.get('Ping'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_dict()

实现输入一个name 如果在列表中输出得分判断得分等级如果没有输出该名字不在名单内

def scoretest(score):
    if score>90:
        achievement ='优秀'
    elif score>=80:
        achievement ='良好'
    elif score >60:
        achievement='及格'
    else:
        achievement='不及格'
    return achievement
if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_name=input("Please input you name:")
    dict_name_and_score={"Anan":"90","Ping":"88","Ling":"55"}
    if input_name in dict_name_and_score:
        print('{} score is {} belong to {}'.format(input_name,dict_name_and_score[input_name],scoretest(int(dict_name_and_score[input_name]))))
    else:
        print("{} is not in our Name list".format(input_name))

实现计算园面积s=πr*r

import math
import numpy
def Circular_Area(r):
    PI=3.14
    s=PI*numpy.square(r)
    return(s)
if __name__ == '__main__':

    input=input("R is :")
    print("The circular area with a radius of {} is:{:.2f}".format(input,Circular_Area(int(input))))

函数quadratic(a, b, c)，接收3个参数，返回一元二次方程：ax2 + bx + c = 0

import numpy as np
def quadratic(a,b,c):
    x1=(-b+np.sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a)
    x2=(-b-np.sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a)
    return(x1,x2)
def main():
    quadratic(1,3,-4)
    print('quadratic(2, 3, 1) =', quadratic(2, 3, 1))
    print('quadratic(1, 3, -4) =', quadratic(1, 3, -4))

    if quadratic(2, 3, 1) != (-0.5, -1.0):
        print('测试失败')
    elif quadratic(1, 3, -4) != (1.0, -4.0):
        print('测试失败')
    else:
        print('测试成功')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000/001431756044276a15558a759ec43de8e30eb0ed169fb11000

第二天

切片

L=[]
n=1
while n<99:
    L.append(n)
    n=n+2
print(L)

#取list或者元组的前三个元素

# def test_list():  
#   L=[]
#   n=1
#   while n<=99:
#       L.append(n)
#       n=n+2
#   # print(L)
#   print(L[:3])
#   # return L
#   pass

# def test_tuple():
#   T=('Anan','Ping','Ling','Zhen')
#   # return T
#   print(T[:3])
#   print(T[::2]) #开始 结束 步长


# if __name__ == '__main__':
#   # test_list()
#   test_tuple()

列表生成式训练

L1 = ['Hello', 'World', 18, 'Apple', None]
L2=[]
j=0
for i in range(len(L1)-1):
    if isinstance(L1[i],str):
        L2.append(L1[i].lower())
        j=j+1
if L2 == ['hello', 'world', 'apple']:
    print('测试通过!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')

https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000/0014317852443934a86aa5bb5ea47fbbd5f35282b331335000

第三天

高阶函数

def add(x, y, f):
    return f(x) + f(y)

print(add(-5, 6, abs))

def add(x,y,f):
    return f(x)+f(y)

def min(x,y,h):
    return(h(x)-h(y))
def h(z):
    return abs(z)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    x=-5
    y=6
    f=abs

    # print(add(h(3),h(2)))
    print(min(h(3),h(2),h))
    print(min(3,4,h))

map reduace的实现

>map()函数接收两个参数一个是函数一个是Iterable,map将传入的函数依次作用到序列的每个元素，并把结果作为Iterator返回

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#function (1) 利用map计算一个列表中数的平方  (2)利用reduace函数把序列[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]变换成整数13579
from functools import reduce
def f(x):
    return x*x

def map_test():
    r=map(f,[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
    print(list(r))
    print(list(map(str,[1,2,3,3,45,5,5,4])))


def fn(x,y):
    return x*10+y

def reduace_test():
    print(reduce(fn,[1,2,5,6]))
    pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # map_test()
    reduace_test()

结合MapReduace实现将字符转化为数字进行运算

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#function 结合MapReduace实现将字符转化为数字进行运算
from functools import reduce
def fn(x,y):
    return x*10+y

def char2num(s):
    digits={'0':0,'1':1,'2':2,'3':3,'4':4,'5':5,'6':6,'7':7,'8':8,'9':9}
    return digits[s]

print(reduce(fn,map(char2num,'1456')))

利用map()函数，把用户输入的不规范的英文名字，变为首字母大写，其他小写的规范名字。


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def normalize(name):
    name.title()
# 测试:
##输入：['adam', 'LISA', 'barT']，输出：['Adam', 'Lisa', 'Bart']：
L1 = ['adam', 'LISA', 'barT']
L2 = list(map(normalize, L1))
print(L2)

利用prod()函数实现可以接受一个list并利用reduce()求积：

from functools import reduce
def prod(L):

    sumL=1
    for i in range(len(L)):
        sumL=sumL*L[i]
    return sumL

print('3 * 5 * 7 * 9 =', prod([3, 5, 7, 9]))
if prod([3, 5, 7, 9]) == 945:
    print('测试成功!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')

from functools import reduce

def prod(x,y):
    return x*y
result = reduce(prod,[3,5,7,9])
print(result)

把字符串’123.456’转换成浮点数123.456

def str2float(s):
    return float(s)

print('str2float(\'123.456\') =', str2float('123.456'))
if abs(str2float('123.456') - 123.456) < 0.00001:
    print('测试成功!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')

利用filter()筛选出回数

def is_palindrome(n):
    return str(n)==str(n)[::-1]
# 测试:
output = filter(is_palindrome, range(1, 1000))
print('1~1000:', list(output))
if list(filter(is_palindrome, range(1, 200))) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191]:
    print('测试成功!')
else:
    print('测试失败!')

L = [('Bob', 75), ('Adam', 92), ('Bart', 66), ('Lisa', 88)]
def by_name(t):
    return t[0]
def by_score(t):
    return t[1]

L2 = sorted(L, key=by_score)
print(L2)

匿名函数

关键字lambda表示匿名函数，冒号前面的x表示函数参数。

L=list(filter(lambda n :n%2==1,range(1,20)))
print(L)
def is_odd(n):
    return n % 2 == 1

L1 = list(filter(is_odd, range(1, 20)))
print(L1)

def is_odd2(n):
    return lambda n:n%2==1
L2 = list(filter(is_odd2(0), range(1, 20)))
print(L2)

python内建函数：https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html

第四天

实现面相对象编程

# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'实现面相对象编程'
class Student(object):
    """docstring for Student"""
    def __init__(self, name,score):
        self.name=name
        self.score=score
    def print_score(self):
        return '%s,%s'%(self.name,self.score)
    def get_grade(self):
        if self.score>=90:
            return 'A'
        elif self.score>=80:
            return 'B'
        elif self.score>=60:
            return 'C'
        else:
            return 'D'
def main():
    anan=Student('Anan',88)
    anan.print_score()
    print(anan.name,anan.score,anan.get_grade())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

'定义私有变量(private)'
class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name,score):
        self.__name=name
        self.__score=score
    def print_score(self):
        return '%s,%s'%(self.__name,self.__score)

    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name
    def get_score(self):
        return self.__score
def main():
    anan=Student('Anan',88)
    print(anan.get_name(),anan.get_score())
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

'访问限制训练'
class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.__gender = gender

    def get_gender(self):
        return self.__gender
    def set_gender(self,gender):
        self.__gender=gender
        return self.__gender

def test():
    bart = Student('Bart', 'male')
    if bart.get_gender() != 'male':
        print('测试失败!')
    else:
        bart.set_gender('female')
        if bart.get_gender() != 'female':
            print('测试失败!')
        else:
            print('测试成功!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()

继承和多态

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
    def run(self):
        print('Animal is running...')

class Dog(Animal):
    def run(self):
        print('Dog is running...')

class Cat(Animal):
    def run(self):
        print('Cat is running...')

def run_twice(animal):
    animal.run()
    animal.run()

a = Animal()
d = Dog()
c = Cat()

print('a is Animal?', isinstance(a, Animal))
print('a is Dog?', isinstance(a, Dog))
print('a is Cat?', isinstance(a, Cat))

print('d is Animal?', isinstance(d, Animal))
print('d is Dog?', isinstance(d, Dog))
print('d is Cat?', isinstance(d, Cat))

run_twice(c)

为了统计学生人数，可以给Student类增加一个类属性，每创建一个实例，该属性自动增加：

class Student(object):
    count = 0

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        Student.count+=1

# 测试:
if Student.count != 0:
    print('测试失败!')
else:
    bart = Student('Bart')
    if Student.count != 1:
        print('测试失败!')
    else:
        lisa = Student('Bart')
        if Student.count != 2:
            print('测试失败!')
        else:
            print('Students:', Student.count)
            print('测试通过!')

使用slots

使用slots可以限制实例的属性，只允许对类的实例添加slots定义的属性
slots不能限制继承类的实例属性。如果被继承的类也需要进行限定需要子类也添加slots的限定

使用@property

IO编程

python读取文件：

'方法一'
f=open('filename','r')
f.read()
f.close()

'方法二'#-->推荐
with open('filename','r') as f:
    f.read()

python写入文件：
'方法一'
f=open('filename','w')
f.write()
f.close()

'方法二'#-->推荐
with open('filename','w') as f:
    f.write('输入你需要写入的内容')

方法三：
file=r'filename'
with open(file,'w+') as f:
    f.write('输入你需要写入的内容')

输入输出参数详解：

‘r’：读\
‘w’：写\
‘a’：追加\
‘r+’ == r+w（可读可写，文件若不存在就报错(IOError)）\
‘w+’ == w+r（可读可写，文件若不存在就创建）\
‘a+’ ==a+r（可追加可写，文件若不存在就创建）\
对应的，如果是二进制文件，就都加一个b：\
‘rb’　　‘wb’　　‘ab’　　‘rb+’　　‘wb+’　　‘ab+’

正则表达式

\d匹配一个数字\
\w匹配一个字母或数字\
*表示任意个字符（包括0个)\
+表示至少一个字符\
?表示0个或1个字符\
{n}表示n个字符\
{n,m}表示n-m个字符\
A|B可以匹配A或B\
^表示行的开头\
^\d表示必须以数字开头\
$表示行的结束\ \d$ 表示必须以数字结束

案例：正则匹配邮箱

test='bill.gates@microsoft.com'
if re.match(r'^[0-9a-zA-Z_.]+@[a-z]+.com$', test):
    print('ok')
else:
    print('failed')

装饰器

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def aa(func):
    def bb():

        print("abc")
        result=func()
    return bb


@aa
def main():
    print("main")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()