1.Log4j,SLF4j,Commons-logging,logback简介
(1)SLF4j:Simple Logging Facade for Java,是一种日志门面。是对不同日志框架提供的一个门面封装,可以在部署的时候不修改任何配置即可接入一种日志实现方案,在编译时绑定真正的日志库。总结:提供了日志接口,如org.slf4j.Logger。通过org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(…)获取日志接口,进行日志记录。
(2)Commons-logging:
是apache最早提供的日志的门面接口。它的主要作用是提供一个日志门面,使用者可以使用不同的日志实现。用户可以自由选择日志的实现。common-logging会通过动态查找的机制,在程序运行时使用了ClassLoader寻找和载入底层的日志库
以上两个日志门面其实提供的都是日志接口。
(3)Log4j
一种日志解决方案。把日志系统抽象封装成Logger 、appender 、pattern等实现,通过配置文件实现日志配置。可以定义日志的输出级别、格式、目的地等。
(4)Logback
一种日志实现。分为三个模块:logback-core(其他两个的基础包),logback-classic和logback-access。logback-classic完整实现SLF4J API使你可以很方便地更换成其它日记系统如log4j或JDK14Logging。
2.关系
Sl4j和commons-logging和slf4j是java中的日志门面,提供的是通用的日志接口,log4j和logback是日志的具体实现。我们写代码的时候导入的类一般都是来自门面框架中的类,然后将某个日志的实现框架加入到项目中,提供真正的日志输出功能。比较常用的搭配是commons-logging+log4j,slf4j+logback。
3.示例
(1)sl4j+log4j
pom.xml引入依赖关系,版本可自由选择
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-log4j12 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
<!-- <scope>test</scope> -->
</dependency>
java类:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@Service("testService")
public class TestServiceImpl extends implements TestService{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MemberInfoServiceImpl.class);
public void test() {
if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
log.info("测试");
}
}
}
log4j.xml配置文件。在resources目录下建立log4j.xml。把log4j 的默认配置文件(log4j.properties/xml)放在classpath中.这种方式是log4j的 默认配置方式,无须其他配置。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "http://toolkit.alibaba-inc.com/dtd/log4j/log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j='http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/'><appender name="CONSOLE" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%10t] [%30l] [%7r] %6p - %40.40c - %m \n" />
</layout>
</appender><appender name="FILE" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM-dd" />
<param name="Append" value="true" />
<param name="BufferedIO" value="true"/>
<param name="BufferSize" value="8192"/>
<param name="file" value="${log.path}/jdcpc.log" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%10t] [%100l] [%7r] %6p - %40.40c - %m \n" />
</layout>
<filter class="org.apache.log4j.varia.LevelRangeFilter">
<param name="LevelMin" value="INFO" />
</filter>
</appender>
<appender name="FILE-DEBUG" class="org.apache.log4j.FileAppender">
<param name="Append" value="false" />
<param name="BufferedIO" value="true"/>
<param name="BufferSize" value="8192"/>
<param name="file" value="${log.path}/jdcpc-debug.log" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%10t] [%100l] [%7r] %6p - %40.40c - %m \n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="FILE-AOP" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM-dd" />
<param name="file" value="${log.path}/jdcpc-aop.log" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%7r] %6p - %40.40c - %m \n" />
</layout>
<filter class="org.apache.log4j.varia.LevelRangeFilter">
<param name="LevelMin" value="INFO" />
</filter>
</appender>
<appender name="FILE-SQL" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM-dd" />
<param name="file" value="${log.path}/jdcpc-sql.log" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%7r] %6p - %40.40c - %m \n" />
</layout>
<filter class="org.apache.log4j.varia.LevelRangeFilter">
<param name="LevelMin" value="DEBUG" />
<param name="LevelMax" value="DEBUG" />
</filter>
</appender>
<appender name="FILE-VELOCITY" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM-dd" />
<param name="file" value="${log.path}/jdcpc-velocity.log" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%7r] %6p - %40.40c - %m \n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="MQ-CONSUMER" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
<param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM-dd" />
<param name="file" value="/export/Logs/cpc.jd.local/jdcpc-mq.log" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%7r] %6p - %40.40c - %m \n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<category name="java.sql.Connection" additivity="true">
<level value="${log.level}" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE-SQL" />
</category>
<category name="java.sql.Statement" additivity="true">
<level value="${log.level}" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE-SQL" />
</category>
<category name="java.sql.PreparedStatement" additivity="true">
<level value="${log.level}" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE-SQL" />
</category>
<category name="java.sql.ResultSet" additivity="true">
<level value="DEBUG" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE-SQL" />
</category>
<category name="org.apache.ibatis" additivity="true">
<level value="${log.level}" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE-SQL" />
</category>
<category name="org.mybatis.spring" additivity="true">
<level value="${log.level}" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE-SQL" />
</category>
<category name="org.apache.velocity" additivity="false">
<level value="${log.level}" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE-VELOCITY" />
</category>
<category name="com.jd.aop" additivity="false">
<level value="${log.level}" />
<appender-ref ref="FILE-AOP" />
</category>
注:log4j.xml也可以以配置的形式写在配置文件中log4j.properties。同时存在时,优先加载log4j.xml
(2)sl4j+logback
pom.xml依赖引入。
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
java类,同上
logback.xml 日志配置 ,以我实际项目中的一些配置为例。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/defaults.xml" />
<!-- 属性配置,以下配置均可以由source属性指定配置项覆盖-->
<!-- 日志存放路径,默认为应用所在路径/log -->
<springProperty scope="context" name="LOG_PATH" source="logging.path" defaultValue="logs"/>
<!-- 日志文件名,默认为eaf.log -->
<springProperty scope="context" name="LOG_FILE" source="logging.file" defaultValue="app.log"/>
<!-- 每个日志的最大尺寸,默认100MB-->
<springProperty scope="context" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" source="log.maxFileSize" defaultValue="100MB"/>
<!-- 日志最多保留天数 ,默认60天-->
<springProperty scope="context" name="MAX_HISTORY" source="log.maxHistory" defaultValue="60"/>
<!-- 日志总尺寸,默认20GB -->
<springProperty scope="context" name="TOTAL_SIZE_CAP" source="log.totalSizeCap" defaultValue="20GB"/>
<!-- 默认的控制台日志输出,一般生产环境都是后台启动,这个没太大作用 -->
<appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
<pattern>${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- 配置文件轮转 -->
<appender name="logfile" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<file>${LOG_PATH}/${LOG_FILE}</file>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/history/${LOG_FILE}-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.gz</fileNamePattern>
<maxFileSize>${MAX_FILE_SIZE}</maxFileSize>
<maxHistory>${MAX_HISTORY}</maxHistory>
<totalSizeCap>${TOTAL_SIZE_CAP}</totalSizeCap>
</rollingPolicy>
<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
<pattern>${FILE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
</layout>
</appender>
<logger name="com.apache.ibatis" level="DEBUG">
<appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
</logger>
<logger name="com.test.layui.mapper" level="DEBUG" additivity="false">
<appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
</logger>
<!-- <logger name="java.sql.Connection" level="DEBUG">
<appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
</logger>
<logger name="java.sql.Statement" level="DEBUG">
<appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
</logger>
<logger name="java.sql.PreparedStatement" level="DEBUG">
<appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
</logger>-->
<!-- root 默认日志配置 , 注意这里的级别哈!小心生产环境用DEBUG,压爆你的磁盘!-->
<root level="INFO">
<appender-ref ref="logfile"/>
<appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
</root>
</configuration>
web.xml,如果logback.xml放在默认路径下,则默认加载,不需要配置web.xml中的日志监听器,以下可以忽略
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 配置Servlet,Spring接管 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SrpingMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 配置Servlet,Spring接管 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 添加日志监听器 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>logbackConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:logback.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>ch.qos.logback.ext.spring.web.LogbackConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>