设计模式梳理——单例模式

一、概述

       单例模式（Singleton），保证一个类仅有一个实例，并提供一个访问它的全局访问点 。

二、UML图示

三、代码实现

1、singleton类

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton instance;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if(null == instance){
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

2、测试

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();
        Singleton singleton1 = Singleton.getInstance();

        System.out.println(singleton == singleton1);

    }
}
输出：
true

3、多线程下的singleton类

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton instance;
    //进程辅助对象
    public static Object syncRoot = new Object();


    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if(null == instance){
            synchronized (syncRoot){
                if(null == instance){
                    instance = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

4.单例模式的多种写法

/**
 * 1.饿汉式：线程安全，耗费资源
 */
class HugerSingleton1 {
    //该对象的引用不可修改
    private static final HugerSingleton1 ourInstance = new HugerSingleton1();
    public static HugerSingleton1 getInstance() {
        return ourInstance;
    }
    private HugerSingleton1() {}
}

/**
 * 2.饿汉式：在静态代码块实例对象
 */
class HugerSingleton2 {
    private static HugerSingleton2 ourInstance;
    static {
        ourInstance = new HugerSingleton2();
    }
    public static HugerSingleton2 getInstance() {
        return ourInstance;
    }
    private HugerSingleton2() {}
}

/**
 * 3.懒汉式：非线程安全
 */
class Singleton1 {
    private static Singleton1 ourInstance;
    public static Singleton1 getInstance() {
        if (null == ourInstance) {
            ourInstance = new Singleton1();
        }
        return ourInstance;
    }
    private Singleton1() {}
}

/**
 * 4.线程安全的懒汉式：给方法加锁，每次都枷锁，耗时
 */
class Singleton2 {
    private static Singleton2 ourInstance;
    public synchronized static Singleton2 getInstance() {
        if (null == ourInstance) {
            ourInstance = new Singleton2();
        }
        return ourInstance;
    }
    private Singleton2() {}
}

/**
 * 5.线程安全的懒汉式：双重检查锁（同步代码块），代码较复杂
 */
class Singleton3 {
    private static Singleton3 ourInstance;
    public static Singleton3 getInstance() {
        if (null == ourInstance) {
            synchronized (Singleton3.class) {
                if (null == ourInstance) {
                    ourInstance = new Singleton3();
                }
            }
        }
        return ourInstance;
    }
    private Singleton3() {}
}

/**
 * 6.线程安全的懒汉式：静态内部类（第一推荐）
 */
class Singleton4 {
    static class SingletonHolder {
        private static Singleton4 ourInstance = new Singleton4();
    }
    public static Singleton4 getInstance() {
        return SingletonHolder.ourInstance;
    }
    private Singleton4() {
    }
}

注：参考文献《大话设计模式》程杰著。